Stability Value of Carbon Isotope Discrimination Tool for Durum Wheat Selection in Semi-Arid Condition
Hafsi Miloud*, Hadji Abbas, Semcheddine Nadjim, Rouabhi Amar and Maamri Khelifa
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life Sciences and Nature, Ferhat ABBAS University Setif, Algeria
Submission: September 16, 2018; Published: October 05, 2018
*Corresponding author: Hafsi Miloud, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life Sciences and Nature, Ferhat ABBAS University Setif, Boite Postale 718, Poste Centrale de Sétif, Sétif 19000, Algeria; Tel: +213794705460; Email: hafsimiloud@yahoo.com
How to cite this article: Hafsi M, Hadji A, Semcheddine N, Rouabhi A, Maamri K. Stability Value of Carbon Isotope Discrimination Tool for Durum Wheat Selection in Semi-Arid Condition. Agri Res& Tech: Open Access J. 2018; 18(2): 556051. DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.18.556051
Abstract
Trials were conducted under contrasting rain-fed conditions in north-eastern Algeria. The stability regression coefficient was calculated for each genotype according to determine the stability of grain yield and CID across different environments. An attempt was made to classify genotypes by level of stability using grain yield and the corresponding value of Δ for each genotype. The relationship between the mean grain yield and the mean Δ across the six trials was significant. It appears that the subset of modern cultivars obtained from the CIMMYT/ICARDA durum wheat breeding program had on average, a higher Δ value (16.78%) than the subset of local cultivars (15.82%).
Keywords: Durum wheat; CID; Selection; Stability value
Introduction
The last study in north eastern Algeria on the potential use of carbon isotope discrimination (CID) in wheat selection conducted between 2003-2008 in collaboration with the IAEA showed several facets. Indeed, the results of seven trials in rainfed conditions characterized by a rainfall fluctuating between 250 and 500mm and by additional abiotic stresses such as winter-spring cold (due to altitude) and terminal heat (because of close proximity of the Saharan desert). In this type of area, several genotypes of diverse origin were evaluated in order to measure the stability of CID values in relation to grain yield.
Materials and Methods
Plant samples were analyzed for δ 13C to identify lines presenting a large variation for Δ. Based on Δ analysis, six advanced lines from the CIMMYT/ICARDA durum wheat breeding program (Sooty9/Rascon39, Dukem12/2*Rascon, Kucuk, Mexicali, Waha) and two old Algerian cultivars (Polonicum, Oued Zenati) were selected (Table 1) evaluated from 2002 to 2007 at the Sétif experimental station. Trials were conducted under contrasting rain-fed conditions in north-eastern Algeria.
The stability regression coefficient (b-value) was calculated for each genotype according to Finlay & Wilkinson [1], to determine the stability of grain yield and CID across different environments. In general, genotypes with b-values:
a. <0.70 were considered unresponsive to different environments or had above average stability.
b. Between 0.70 and 1.30 had average stability
c. >1.30 were considered responsive to good environments or had below average stability [2].
Results
Significant differences among genotypes were observed for grain yield. The mean grain yield for all genotypes was about 1.3 times higher in 2004-05 trial than the first trial in 2006. Δ Grain for the three trials carried out from 2004 to 2006 were respectively 15.11; 16.45 and 17.26%. The greatest difference between extreme genotypes for Δ Grain was observed in the 2005 season (1.39%). The smallest range for ΔG was observed in the second trial of 2006 (0.98 ‰). The effect of environment, understood as the combination of region and total rainfall, on grain yield and grain-Δ was much higher than that of genotypic variability. For CID, the interaction between genotypes and trials was not significant.
†SD = standard deviation
a. An attempt was made to classify genotypes by level of stability using grain yield and the corresponding value of Δ for each genotype (Table 2) according to Finlay and Wilkinson [1]. The relationship between the mean grain yield and the mean Δ across the six trials was significant.
It appears that the subset of modern cultivars obtained from the CIMMYT/ICARDA durum wheat breeding program had on average, a higher Δ value (16.78%) than the subset of local cultivars (15.82%). This result is in good agreement with previous results obtained in the same type of environments. It can be explained by a lower stomatal conductance, or more likely, by less effective re-mobilization efficiency, reflected in their lower harvest index [3]. The local cultivars, and particularly Oued Zenati, yielded well under the adverse environmental conditions of the high plateau, mainly because of a better phenological adaptation. The results of the present experiments, as well as those of previous studies [4,5], suggest that Δ has a limited application as a yield predictor in this type of environment.
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