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Review Article

Ichthyodiversity and Conservation Status in Dumboor Lake and Kurti Beel in Tripura: Detailed Taxonomic Report

Devashish Kar*

Micro-Centre for Water and Human Studies, Silchar, Assam, India

Submission:March 17, 2025;Published:April 23, 2025

*Correspondence author: Devashish Kar, Micro-Centre for Water and Human Studies, Silchar, Assam, India

How to cite this article:Devashish K. Ichthyodiversity and Conservation Status in Dumboor Lake and Kurti Beel in Tripura: Detailed Taxonomic Report. Oceanogr Fish Open Access J. 2025; 18(1): 555980.DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2025.18.555980

Abstract

Fish faunal exploration from Dumboor Lake situated in the Tripura province of North-Eastern (NE) India Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity (BD) hotspot region, preliminarily revealed the occurrence of 5 ichthyospecies under 5 genera, 2 sub-families, 4 Families and 4 Orders. Likewise, ichthyological exploration from Kurti Beel situated in the province of Tripura, portrayed the occurrence of 9 ichthyospecies under 8 genera, 1 Sub- family, 8 Families and 5 Orders. Distribution and conservation status of each species have been discussed in the present contribution.

Keywords:Ichthyofauna; Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Dumboor Lake; Kurti Beel; Tripura; North-Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity hotspot

Introduction

The aquatic life is subjected to much pressure due to human-induced impacts, including effects on piscian fauna and their habitats [1-10]. Therefore, studies regarding ichthyofauna and their habitat is a tremendous requirement in today’s world.

Fishes represent c 50 % of the total vertebrate population on the earth. They inhabit almost all kinds of aquatic habitats. c 21,723 living species of fish have been known to occur among c 39,900 species of vertebrates on the earth [11-13], [14-18]. Among these, c 8411 are freshwater species and c11,650 are marine [19,20]. India is a Mega biodiversity country in the world [21]. c 2500 species of fishes have been recorded from India; of which, c 930 live in freshwater (FW) and c 1570 are marine [14,16-18,22-24]. This very rich fish diversity of this region has been attracting many fishery scientists both from India and abroad. At the same time, North-Eastern region of India has been known as a `Hotspot’ of Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalayan stretch by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre [25]. This bewildering rich Biodiversity of this region could be due to certain reasons, notably, the geomorphology and the tectonics of this domain. The mountains and the undulating terrains of this region give rise to numerous torrential rheophilic streams, which consequently lead to big rivers; and, finally, become intricate components of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak-Chindwin-Kolodyne- Gomati-Meghna system Kar [26,14-16,27-30].

There are numerous lentic and lotic water bodies in India. And, the Province of Tripura, located in the North-Eastern Himalayan zone, is a hotspot of fish diversity, having many wetlands and rivers of various kinds including rheophilic hill streams and plain water rivers and streams. But the sustenance of the aquatic denizens has been much influenced by human interventions.

A little review of literature on Fish systematics works revealed that, [31] had reported on an appraisal of Satpura Hypothesis of Distribution of the Malayan Fauna and Flora to Peninsiular India. Notwithstanding the above, Kar [14-56] did extensive and intensive pioneering works on the fish diversity and taxonomy, fish disease (EUS) and other related aspects in numerous water bodies of different kinds in North- East (NE) India. Kar and Sen [57] did pioneer research on the diversity and distribution of fishes in the rivers in Assam, Mizoram and Tripura. Kar & Barbhuiya [58], Kar & Das BK [59], Kar & Kumar [60] dwelt upon the present status of water bodies and human impact vis-a-vis sustainability issues of fishes, particularly the threatened mahseer fishes. Kar & Das B [61] reported the fish diversity in rivers in Karbi Anglong. Kar & Khynriam [62,63] did pioneering taxonomic studies of the fishes from rivers Diyung, Vombadung, Khuolzangvadung, Tuikoi and Mahur; and, in River Jinam in Dima Hasao district of Assam. Kar & Khynriam [64] reported the fishes of River Barak at Karong. Kar & Khynriam [65] did Pioneering Study on Taxonomic Diversity of Fishes in the Headwaters of River Barak in Assam, Manipur and Mizoram in Northeast India. Kar & Khynriam [66], in continuation of the reconnaissance pilot survey, did further pioneering works on the Systematic, Distribution and Conservation of Ichthyospecies in the Headwaters of River Barak (Assam, Manipur and Mizoram) in Northeast, India. Kar & Roy [67,68] studied the hitherto unknown, virulent Epizootic Ulcerative Fish Disease Syndrome (EUS). Kar et.al. [63,69-83] worked on various aspects of fishes, including fish taxonomy, fish disease and fish parasites, zooplankton as fish food fauna, fishing gears and fish catching devices and, so on. Das et. al. [84] studied zooplankton assemblage in different water bodies.

According to IUCN (1970), wetlands are natural or artificial mass of water, generally not exceeding 6 meter in depth with little flow such as marsh or fen and may be temporary or permanent. Wetlands are thus, basically areas where the soil is saturated with water for some time during the year. In Assam, Tripura and Bangladesh, three kinds of wetlands are generally found, they are locally known as Beels, Haors and Anuas. Beels are perennial wetlands which contain water throughout the year. Haors are seasonal wetland which contain water only for some period of the year particularly, during the rainy season. As such, they are also called `floodplain wetlands. Anuas are perennial oxbow-type wetlands formed due to change in river course which may or may not retain connection with the original river.

The present account is, probably, a pioneering ichthyo taxonomic study on the Dumboor Lake and Kurti Beel situated in the province of Tripura in North-East India and Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot region.

Concomitant to above, some of the other important works on the fishes and water bodies in India in general and NE India, in particular are those of [4,7-13,22,31,59,61,85-113]. Incidentally, Doru [06] worked on the water bodies in Romania.

Notwithstanding the above, Kar D [46] deliberated on the Fish Diversity in the Major Rivers in Southern Assam, Mizoram and Tripura at the 2nd International Symposium on GIS and Spatial Analyses in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, held at the University of Sussex at Brighton in the UK. In addition, Kar D [49] presented on the Sustainability issues of Inland Fish Biodiversity and Fisheries in Barak drainage (Assam), in Mizoram and in Tripura at the International Symposium on `Improved sustainability of Fish Production Systems and Appropriate Technologies for Utilization’ (`Sustain Fish’), held at the Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) at Cochin in Kerala. Further, Kar D [54] dealt with an overview of the Wetlands, Rivers, Fish Resources and Fish Disease in North- East India at the International Symposium on Aquaculture and Fisheries (as part of the International Conference on Environmental Sustainability for Food Security (ENFOSE, 2016), held at Fisheries College and Research Institute (FCRI), Tamil Nadu Fisheries University (TNFU). In addition, Kar D [55] dwelt upon the Wetlands, Rivers, Fish, Plankton resources and Fish disease and Aquaculture in North-East India as an Overview at the International Symposium, entitled, `Lake 2016’ organized by the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, and the Alva’s Education Foundation, Mengaluru (India).

Domburu Lake in Tripura

Fish Collection on 6 6 2007
23o 14’ 35” N
91o 52’ 16 “ E

Kurti Beel in Tripura

Fish Collection on 16 11 1997
24o 29 ‘24” N
92o 13’ 43” E

Material and Methods

Fish samples had been collected through experimental fishing using cast nets (diameter 3.7 m - 1.0 m), gill nets (vertical height 1.0 m - 1.5 m; length 100 m - 150 m), drag nets (vertical height 2.0 m), triangular scoop nets (vertical height 1.0 m) and by using different types of traps. The technique of Camouflaging was also used to catch the fishes. Fishes had been preserved at first in concentrated formaldehyde in the field itself and then in 10% formalin. Fishes have been identified after standard literature [22,96,97,105,106,114-120] and fishbase.org. The arrangement of classification, followed here, is that of Greenwood et a1. [121] and Jayaram [22-96-98], Kar & Khynriam [64] (Table 1).

Systematic List of Fishes of Domburu Lake:

Order(I): Cypriniformes
Family(A): Cyprinidae
Sub-family (a): Smiliogastrinae
Genus: (i) Puntius Hamilton, 1822
Species (1): Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)
Order(I): Cypriniformes
Family(A): Cyprinidae
Sub-family (a): Smiliogastrinae
Genus: (ii) Pethia Pethiyagoda, 2012
Species (2): Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822): Present In Domburu
Order (II): Siluriformes
Family (B): Bagridae
Genus (iii): Sperata Holly, 1939

Species (3): Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839): Present In Domburu
Order (III): Anabantiformes
Family (C): Ambassidae
Genus (iv): Chanda Hamilton, 1822
Species (4): Chanda nama (Hamilton, 1822) Present In Domburu
Order (IV): Gobiiformes
Family(D): Gobiidae
Sub-family (b): Gobiinae
Genus (v): Glossogobius Gill, 1859
Species (5): Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822): Present In Domburu

Systematic List of Fishes of Kurti Beel:

(I): Osteoglossiformes
Family (A): Notopteridae
Genus (i): Notopterus Lacepede 1800
Species (1): Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769):
Order (II): Cypriniformes
Family (B): Danionidae
Sub-family(a): Esoninae
Genus (ii): Esomus Swainson, 1839
Species (2): Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822)
Order (II): Cypriniformes
Family(C): Cobitidae
Genus (iii): Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1858
Species (3): Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton,1822):
Order (III): Siluriformes
Family(D): Bagridae
Genus(iv): Mystus Scopoli, 1777
Species (4): Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794)
Order (III): Siluriformes
Family (E): Heteropneustidae
Genus (v): Heteropneustes Muller, 1840
Species (5): Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794):
Order (IV): Synbranchiformes
Family(F): Mastacembelidae
Genus (vi): Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800
Species (6): Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822:
Order (V): Anabantiformes
Family(G): Nandidae
Genus(vii): Nandus Valenciennes, 1831
Species (7): Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822)
Order (V): Anabantiformes
Family (H): Channidae
Genus (viii): Channa Scopoli, 1777
Species (8): Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793)
Order (V): Anabantiformes
Family (H): Channidae
Genus (viii): Channa Scopoli, 1777
Species (9): Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)

Systematic List of Dumboor Lake and Kurti Beel

Notopterus notopterus: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Beel Sl No.48; Coll.16 11 1997, +(1),48/7(i)
Esomus danrica: Kurti Beel in Tripura: Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; (3),48/6(i) to 6 (iii)
Puntius sophore Dumboor Lake: Lake Sl No.47; Coll.: 6 6 2007; + (29),47/1(i) to 1(xxvi), 47/3(i) to 3(iii)
Pethia conchonius: Dumboor Lake; Sl No.47; Coll.: 6 6 2007; + (2),47/3(iv), 3(v)
Lepidocephalichthys guntea: Kurti Beel in Tripura Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; + (1),48/8(i)
Sperata seenghala: Dumboor Lake; Sl No.47; Coll.: 6 6 2007; + (4),47/5(i) to 5(iv)
Mystus vittatus: Kurti Beel in Tripura Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; + (2), 48/2(i), 2(ii)
Heteropneustes fossilis: Kurti Beel in Tripura Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; + (1),48/10(i)
Macrognathus pancalus: Kurti Beel in Tripura Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; + (2),48/5(i), 5(ii)
Chanda nama: Dumboor Lake; Sl No.47; Coll.: 6 6 2007; + (7), 47/4(i) to 4 (vii)
Nandus nandus: Kurti Beel in Tripura Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; + (1), 48/9(i)
Glossogobius giuris: Dumboor Lake; Sl No.47; Coll.: 6 6 2007; + (10), 47/2(i) to 2 (x)
Channa punctata: Kurti Beel in Tripura Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; + (2), 48/4(i), 4(ii)
Channa striata: Kurti Beel in Tripura Beel Sl No.48, Coll.16 11 1997; + (1),48/3(i)

Systematic Account of Fishes

Genus: Notopterus Lacepede (1800) Notopterus Lacepede (1800) Hist.nat Poiss, 2 :190 (Type species: Gymnotus notopterus Pallas, by absolute tautonomy); Roberts 1992, Ichthyol Explor Freshwaters, 2(4): 361-383 (revision), Talwar & Jhingran, [120], Inland Fishes 1: 62, Jayaram [97], FW Fishes of the Indian Region: 20; Menon [106], Rec Zool Surv India Occ Paper No. 175: 9.

Generic Characters: Body oblong, laterally compressed; cranio-dorsal profile straight or slightly concave. Abdomen with 25-28 pre-pelvic double serrations. Head compressed. Mouth wide, cleft of mouth extending up to or beyond posterior border of eyes. Eyes moderate, dorsolateral. Gill membranes partly united. Dorsal fin small, tuft-like, inserted near middle of body with 8-10 rays. Anal fin is very long, low, ribbon-like, with 100-135 rays, confluent with the caudal fin. Pelvic fins rudimentary. The caudal fin is small. Scale small. The lateral line was complete, more or less arched with about 180 scales.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll.: 16 11 1997, 1 ex; Museum No. 48/7(i), Coll Prof D Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Cranio-dorsal profile straight or slightly concave.

Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including Rivers Lubdachhara, Deo and Juri in Tripura: In all these collections, First Report by Professor D Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sumatra, Thailand, etc.

IUCN Status:Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Esomus Swainson, 1839

Esomus Swainson, 1839, Nat Hist Fishes, 2: 285 (Type species: Esomus vittatus Swainson= Cyprinus danrica Hamilton- Buchanan by monotype); Ahl, 1923, Mitt Zool Mus Berlin, 11: 38-43 (revision); Talwar and Jhingran, 1999, Inland Fishes I: 373; Jayaram, 1999, FW Fishes of the Indian Region: 76; Menon [106], Rec. Zool Surv India Occ Paper No.175; Viswanath, 2002, Fishes of North-East India, NATP Pub.: 48.

Generic Characters: Body elongate, strongly compressed, Abdomen rounded. Head and snout small, obliquely directed upwards. Presence of two pairs of barbels. Maxillary pair very long extending up to anal fin. Dorsal fin inserted in the interspace between anal and pelvic fins, nearer to anal fin than pelvic with 6 branched rays and no spine. Anal fin with five branched rays. Caudal fin forked. Lateral line, when present, is strongly arched anteriorly and runs in the lower half of the caudal peduncle with 27 to 34 scales.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura, Coll.: 16 11 1997; 3 exs; Museum No. 48/6(i) to 6 (iii); Coll Prof D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Absence of pre-caudal spot. Presence of long maxillary barbels; broad lateral bands on sides. Presence of 14 scales around caudal peduncle.

Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Karbhala Beel, Cachar; Assam; Rivers Gomati, Feni and Lubdachhara in Tripura: in all of these collections: First report by Professor D Kar and Party); also in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Puntius Hamilton, 1822
Puntius Hamilton, 1822, Fish Ganges: 310, 388 (Type species, Cyprinus sophore, Hamilton- Buchanan, by subsequent designation); Jayaram, 1991, rec Zool Surv India Occ. Paper No.135: 1-178 (revision); Talwar and Jhingran [120], Inland Fishes 1: 250; Jayaram [97], FW Fishes of the Indian Region: 108; Menon [106], Rec Zool Surv India Occ Paper No. 175 : 65; Nath and Dey, 2000. Fish and Fisheries of NE India (Arunachal Pradesh): 39; Vishwanath, 2002, Fish and Fisheries of NE India, NATP Pub.: 69.

Generic characters: Body short to moderately long, deep, compressed. Abdomen round. Head short. Snout obtuse, conical or pointed; sometimes, maybe with tubercles. Mouth arched, anterior or inferior. The upper jaw may be protractile. Eyes moderate to large, dorsolateral; they are not visible from below ventral surface. Lips thin, cover the jaws without any horn covering. Jaws simple without any tubercle at the symphysis. Barbels four, two or may be absent. Dorsal fin shorts are inserted nearly opposite to pelvic fins. Anal fin short. Caudal fin forked. Scales are small, moderate or large.

Material examined: Dumburu Lake in Tripura; Coll.: 6 6 2007; 29 exs; Museum No. 47/1(i) to 1(xxvi), 47/3(i) to 3(iii); Coll. Prof. D. Kar and Party: First Report

Key to Species: Pre-dorsal scales 8-10. Presence of a black spot-on dorsal fin and on caudal peduncle.

Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including River Barak at Lakhipur; Rupairbala Anua in Cachar Assam; Different locations of Rivers Monu, Gomati, Feni and Muhuri in Tripura: In all these collections: First Report by Professor D Kar and Party); also, found in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus:
Pethia, 2012, Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura and Maduwage: 80 (Type species: Barbus nigrofasciatus Gunther, 1868. Type by original designation). Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura and Maduwage, 2012. Pethia Pethiyagoda, 2012

Generic characters: Body short to moderately long, deep, and compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head shorts. Snout obtuse, conical, or pointed; sometimes, it may have tubercles. Mouth arched, anterior or inferior. The upper jaw may be protractile. Eyes moderate to large, dorsolateral; they are not visible from below the ventral surface. Lips thin, cover the jaws, without any horny covering. Jaws simple without any tubercle at the symphysis. Barbels four, two or may be absent. Dorsal fin shorts are inserted nearly opposite to pelvic fins. Anal fin short. Caudal fin forked. Scales are small, moderate, or large.

Material examined: Domburu Lake in Tripura; Coll: 6 6 2007; 2 exs; Museum No. 47/3(iv), 3(v); Coll Prof. D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Barbel absents, lateral line incomplete, and caudal peduncle with a black blotch.

Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including River Vomvadung and River Khuolzangvadung in Dima Hasao District, Assam; River Kopili: at Panimur; River Feni in Tripura (in all these collections, first reports by Professor. D Kar and Party); also in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Maharashtra, Orissa, Eastern, and western Himalaya, Deccan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1858 Lepidocephalichthys, Bleeker, 1858, NaTijdschr Ned Indet 16:3: 303 (Type species, Cobitis macrochir Bleeker; Tilak and Hussain,1981, rec Zool Surv India Occ Paper No. 32: 3-28 (revision); Menon, Fauna India, 4(2) , p.52 (revision); Talwar and Jhingra, 1999, Inland Fishes,1: 520, Jayaram,1999, FW Fishes of the Indian Region: 216; Menon, 1999, rec Zool Surv India Occ Paper No.175 : 159

Generic characters: Body elongate; caudal peduncle laterally compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head short, conical. Snout blunt. Mouth inferior, narrow, slightly arched. Eyes small. Lower lip interrupted in the middle. Barbels six; one pair each rostral, mandibular and maxillary. Presence of a large erectile bifid sub-orbital spine below or in front of eyes. Origin of dorsal fin variable with 8 or 9 rays. Anal fin short with 7 to 8 rays. Caudal fins truncate or slightly emarginated. Scale small. Lateral line absent.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll.: 16 11 1997; 1 ex; Museum No. 48/8(i); Coll. Prof D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Depth of body <16.7 % SL. Presence of a dark lateral band or dark grey spots on the body.

Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies throughout India (including Salchapra Anua in Assam; Rivers Feni and Lubdachhara in Tripura: In all these collections: First report by Professor Devashish Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Sperata Holly, 1939
Sperata Holly, 1939, Zool Anzeiger 125: 14, 1939 (replacement name for Macrones Dumeril, 1856; therefore, taking the same type species Bagrus lamarii Valenciennes, 1840 (Type species: Sperata vittatus (Bloch) in error); Ferraris and Runge, 1999, Proc Acad Nat Sci Philad 51(10): 400 (Revision); Jayaram, 2006, Catfishes of India: 23; Ferraris, 2007, Zootaxa, 1418: 106. Macrones Dumeril, 1856, Ichthyologie analytique: 484 (Type species Bagrus lamarrii Valenciennes, 1840, by original designation; preoccupied by Macrones Newman, 1841, Insecta (Coleoptera). Aoria Jordan, 1856, Proc Acad Nat Sci Philad 70: 341 (substitute name for Macrones Dumeril, 1856, preoccupied by Aoria baly, 1863. Insecta, Coleoptera).

Generic characters: Dorsal profile arched. Head large elongate, slightly depressed. Snout spatulate or rounded. Mouth moderately wide. Presence of a distinct inter-neural shield in between basal bone of dorsal fin and occipital process. Presence of 4 pairs of barbels; one each maxillary and nasal and two mandibular. Gill membranes free from each other and also from isthmus. Rayed dorsal fin generally with 7 rays and a robust spine. Adipose dorsal fin low with slightly convex margin. Pectoral fins with 9 or 10 rays and a spine. Pelvic fins generally with 6 rays. Anal fin short with 11 to 15 rays. Caudal fin deeply forked. Presence of a large round or ovoid dark spot near the posterior margin of the adipose fin.

Material examined: Dumburu Lake in Tripura; Coll.: 6 6 2007; 4 exs; Museum No. 47/5(i) to 5(iv); Coll. Prof. D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Snout spatulate. Pectoral fin with 8 or 9 rays.

Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India, notably, River Barak; Haors in Assam, notably, Chatla Haor, Bakri Haor; Rivers Khowai, Haora in Tripura (In all these collections: First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also, in Rivers Brahmaputra, Ganges and their tributaries; also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Mystus Scopoli, 1777
Mystus Russell, 1756, Nat. Hist. Aleppo 1: 76; Mystus anguillaris Meuschen. Mystus, Talwar and Jhingran, 1991, Inland Fishes, 2: 554; Roberts, 1994, Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 5(3):243.

Generic characters: Body short or moderately elongated. Head short, flattened. Snout obtuse or rounded. Mouth sub-terminal, transverse. Eyes are anteriorly situated, moderately large. Teeth numerous. Upper surface of head mostly smooth with one or two median longitudinal grooves of varying length. Occipital process long or short, situated superficially concealed under skin. Four pairs of barbells; one each of maxillary, nasal and two mandibular, two dorsal fins; an anterior rayed dorsal with seven or eight rays and a spine; a posterior smooth low adipose fin of varying lengths. Pectoral fins with seven to 11 rays and a strong spine serrated along the inner edge. Pelvic fins with six rays. Anal fin with nine to 14 rays. Caudal fin forked, bilobed with unequal lobes; lobes may be rounded, pointed or prolonged into filamentous extensions. Lateral line complete.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll: 16 11 1997; 2 exs; Museum No. 48/2(i), 2(ii). Coll Prof D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Body with two parallel stripes on each side of lateral line. There may also be a dark humeral spot.

Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including Chatla Haor in Assam; Rivers Feni, Muhuri and Lubdachharain Tripura: In all these collections: First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Heteropneustes Muller, 1840 Heteropneustes Muller, 1840, Arch Anat Physiol.: 115 (Type species: Silurus fossilis Bloch); Hora, 1935, Rec Indian Mus 38(2): 134; Jayaram, 2005, Catfishes of India: 313; Ferraris, 2007, Zoo taxa: 1418.

Generic characters: Body slender, elongated, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head gently depressed. Snout flat. Mouth small, terminal. Eyes small, lateral and situated in the anterior part of the head. Rayed dorsal fin short; inserted above tip of pectoral fin with 6 to 8 ray sand without any spine. Pectorals fin not much big, with 7 or 8 rays and a strong spine.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll.: 16 11 1997; 1 ex; Museum No. 48/10(i); Coll Prof D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Body slender to deep; eyes small; pectoral fin short and rounded; half to onethird the distance between pectoral and pelvic fin origin. Presence of a strong pectoral spine. Caudal fin rounded.

Species: Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including Beels in Assam like Dholi Beel and Karbhala Beel in Barak valley of Assam; Rivers Muhuri and Lubdachhara in Tripura: In all these collections: First reports by Professor D Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Nepal, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least concern

Genus: Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800 Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 2: 283 (Type species: Ophidium aculeatum Bloch by subsequent designation); Sufi, 1953, Bull Raffles Mus, No. 27: 99-105; Roberts, 1980, Copeia, No. 3: 385-391; Travers, 1984, Bull. Brit. Mus Nat Hist (Zool.). 47 (2): 141-145; Roberts, 1986, jap. J Ichthyol., 33 (2): 97-103; Rhyncohdella Bloch and Schneider, 1801, Syst. Ichth: 478.

Generic characters: Body deep, eel-like, long, compressed. Head long pointed. Snout long fleshy, accommodating a concave prolongation of the upper jaw consisting of a paired series of tooth plates. Mouth inferior. Cleft narrow. Eyes, small, superior, in middle of head. Dorsal fin inserted far behind end of pectoral fins with 13 to 32 detached, depressible spines and 42 to 58 rays. Anal fin with 3 spines and 42 to 58 rays. Caudal fin rounded; and, distinctly separated from dorsal and anal fins. Pelvic fins absent.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll.: 16 11 1997; 2 exs; Museum No. 48/5(i), 5(ii). Coll Prof D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Dorsal fin with 24 to 26 spines and 30 to 42 soft rays. Anal with three spines. Caudal fin distinctly separated from dorsal and anal fins.

Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Salchapra Anua, Shiv Narayanpur Anua in Cachar, Assam; Rivers Feni and Muhuri in Tripura: in all these Collections, First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Chanda Hamilton, 1822 Chanda Hamilton,1822, An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges: 103, 370 (type species: Chanda nama Hamilton 1822 by designation of ICZN).

Generic characters: Body ovate, deep compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head short, compressed with sharp snout. Mouth wide, protractile; extended up to border of orbit or slightly beyond. Eyes are large, superior. Pre-orbital edge with four serrae. Lower jaw strongly projecting. Lower limb of pre-opercle with a double-serrated edge. Opercula without a prominent spine. Two dorsal fins; 1st with seven spines and 2nd with 15-17 rays; the two dorsal fins continuous. A forwardly directed recumbent spine present in the dorsal fin. Anal fin with three spines and 17 rays. Caudal fin forked. Body with cycloid scales. Lateral line complete with 125 scales.

Material examined: Dumburu Lake in Tripura; Coll.: 6 6 2007; 7 exs; Museum No. 47/4(i) to 4 (vii); Coll Prof D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Lower jaw strongly projecting; thus, differ from all other ambassids.

Presence of three prominent canine teeth on either side of lower jaw.

Chanda nama Hamilton, 1822

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Salchapra Anua and Baskandi Anua in Cachar, Assam; Rivers Feni and Muhuri in Tripura: in all these collections: First report by Prof. D Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Nandus, Valenciennes, 1831 Nandus, Valenciennes, 1831, In: Cuvier and Velenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., 7: 481(Type species, Nandus marmoratus Cuvier = Coius nandus Hamilton-Buchanan, by absolute tautonomy; Liem, 1970, Fieldiana (zool.), 56: 1-166.

Generic Characters: Body oblong, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head large, compressed. Snout pointed, conical. Mouth terminal, very protractile; its cleft very wide extending to below posterior border of eyes or slightly beyond. Eyes are large and situated in the anterior part of the head. Opercle with one spine. Dorsal fin inserted above pectoral fin base with 12 to 14 spines and 11 to 13 rays; spinous portion longer than soft portion. Anal fin with 3 spines and 7-9 rays. Caudal fin rounded. Lateral line scales 46 to 57.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll.: 16 11 1997; 1ex; Museum No. 48/9(i); Coll. Prof D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Scales smaller on nape than on body.

Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Wetlands in Assam, notably, Javda Beel, etc. in all these collections: First report by Prof. D Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Glossogobius Gill, 1859 Glossogobius Gill, 1859, Proc Acad nat Sci Philad: 46 (Type species, Gobius platycephalus Richardson, by monotypy); Akihito, In: Masuda et.al., 1984, Fish Jap Archipel: 274; Rema Devi, 1992, Rec zool. Surv. India, 90 (1-4): 174 (Ennore estuary).

Generic Characters: Body elongate, anteriorly cylindrical, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head depressed, little pointed. Snout obtusely rounded or pointed. Mouth a little oblique. Cleft not extending to eyes. Eyes are large, superior, almost in middle of head. Gill openings continued far below the eyes. Presence of 2 dorsal fins, separated by a short interspace; first dorsal inserted above half or three-fourth of pectoral fins with six rays. Second dorsal fin with 6 to 10 rays. Pelvic fins united, oblong. Anal fin with 8 or 9 rays. Caudal fin oblong to rounded. Scales ctenoid on body; cycloid on head.

Material examined: Dumburu Lake in Tripura; Coll.: 6 6 2007; 10 exs; Museum No. 47/2(i) to 2 (x); Coll. Prof. D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: First dorsal fin with one black spot or without it. Gill membranes connected to isthmus.

Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Wetlands in Assam, like Salchapra Anua, in Cachar, Assam; Rivers Feni, Muhuri and Lubdachhara in Tripura: in all these collections: First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Myanmar, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Channa Scopoli, 1777 Channa Scopoli, 1777, Introd Hist Nat: 459 (Type species, Channa orientalism Bloch and Schneider, by subsequent designation).

Generic characters: Body elongated, sub-cylindrical anteriorly. Abdomen rounded. Head large depressed with plate-like scales. Snout somewhat obtuse. Mouth reasonably large; opening moderate to wide; may extend to below orbit. Eyes lateral, moderate; in the anterior part of the head. The lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper. Gill openings wide. Membranes of two sides connected beneath the isthmus. Dorsal fin long; inserted almost above the pectoral fins with 29-55 rays and no spine. Anal fin long with 21 to 36 rays. Both dorsal and anal fins are free from caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded; scales small; cycloid or ctenoid; scales on the head are more extensive than those on the body. Lateral line abruptly curved or almost interrupted with 37 to 110 scales.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll.: 16 11 1997; 2 exs; Museum No. 48/4(i),4(ii); Coll. Prof. D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Dorsal fin with 28-33 rays. A number of dark blotches on flanks; some with many black spots on body and also on dorsal and caudal fins. Ventral side of body usually white or pale yellow.

Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Salchapra Anua and Fulbari Anua in Cachar, Assam; Rivers Feni and Muhuri in Tripura: in all these collections: First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh. China, Malaya, Myanmar, etc.

Material examined: Kurti Beel in Tripura; Coll.: 16 11 1997; 1 ex; Museum No. 48/3(i);Coll Prof D Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Presence of generally 37-46 dorsal fin rays and 18-20 pre-dorsal scales..

Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including River Lubdachhara in Tripura: First Report by Professor D Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, China, Malaya, Myanmar, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Discussion

A gross look into the habitat characteristics of the lentic bodies, viz., Dumboor Lake and Kurti Beel in Tripura revealed stagnant water, in general, being lentic systems. However, water mass in both these lentic bodies is not static and is affected and disturbed by wind action. Dumboor lake is said to have an area of 41 km 2 There are said to 48 islands in the lake. Migratory birds are said to visit the lake. There is also a hydel project near the lake. The Dumboor does not seem to have a big littoral zone.

Concomitant to above, Kurti Beel wetland is situated within the geographic boundary of 92o 15’ E to 24o 45’ N in the Kadamtala Block of North Tripura near Churaibari on the Inter-state border of Assam and Tripura. It could be regarded as a classic example of a wetland which has reached almost the climax of siltation and eutrophication. It is situated c 30 km away from Dharmanagar town and c 110 km away from Silchar city along NH 44. The Beel has a maximum length, breadth and depth of 0.6 m, 0.3 m and 2.8 m respectively; and, a water spread area of c 93.67 ha at FSL. Kurtichhara is the main inlet of the of the Beel while Kalanadi drains into the Thal river as the major outlet. The Beel also receives water from the surrounding catchment and domestic sewage through a number of small drains (Kar,1998).

Land use pattern involves mainly fishing, agriculture and horticulture. Practice of animal husbandry is not of much varied type except some amount of cattle farming and very little amount of poultry farming. There is neither much farm forestry nor much support area for forests. However, enough grazing and pasture lands are available particularly during dry season when the water level in the wetlands go down.

The source of pollutants in this wetland being agricultural wastes and domestic sewage and effluents from the surrounding human habitations. The nature of pollutants includes mainly the phosphate and nitrate compounds. Notwithstanding the above, unexpectedly less diversity and comparatively poor population of fishes in both these lentic bodies is a matter of concern. Further, the status of the ichthyo species based on locally estimated information (but, corroborating with IUCN criteria) is to be ascertained with due importance, particularly, with locally tailored species-specific conservation measures.

Notwithstanding the above, Bailey RG [122] had dealt with the fishes of River Nile in the Republic of Congo. Further, Bailey [123] also studied the alterations in the Fish and Fisheries Ecology of a large man-made lake in Tanzania. In addition, Bailey & Hickley 124] had worked on a collection of Nothobranchius virgates Chambers, a new killifish from southern Sudan. Concomitant to above, Didem et.al [125] had revealed a New Record of occurrence of Symphodus bailloni (Osteichthuyes: Perciformes: Labridae) in the Western Black Sea Coast of Turkey. Further, Kullander, Sven O & Ralf Britz [126] had published the record of a new species of cyprinid fish from Myanmar. In addition, Kevin W. Conway and Maurice Kottelat [127] had reported a new species of Psilorhynchus from the Ataran River Basin in Myanmar, with comments on the generic name Psilorhynchoides. Moreover, Wikramanayake, & Moyle [128] had studied the ecological configuration of Tropical Fish Assemblages in wet-zone streams of Sri Lanka.

Concomitant to above, Aafke M Schipper & Valerio Barbarossa [1] dealt with the Global congruence of riverine fish species richness and human impact. Armbruster JW, Werneke DC, Tan M [3] had dwelt upon three new species of saddled loricariid catfishes along with a review of Hemiancistrus, Peckoltia, and allied genera (Siluriformes). Azadi, Mohammad Ali & Arshad-Ul-Alam, Mohammad [5] discussed the Ichthyofauna of the River Halda in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Batuwita Acharige & Sudesh Greshana [129] had studied the taxonomy of the South Asian Cyprinid genera Horadandia and Rasboroides (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae: Danioninae); as well as the portrayal of the recent Distribution Pattern of Rasboroides vaterifloris pallidus in Gin River [130-139].

Acknowledgement

The author expresses his heartfelt gratitude to the Zoological Survey of India at Shillong for their help in the identification of fish specimens.

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