Research Article

Motivational Ability in Politics for Getting Things Done Effectively: A Case Study of HPM Sheikh Hasina’s Leadership in Bangladesh

Akim M Rahman*

Associate Professor in Economics and Director of Institute of Business Studies, Sheikh Hasina University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Research Division, Social and Economic Research Institute (SERI), Bangladesh

Submission: December 7, 2023; Published: February 23, 2024

*Corresponding author: Akim M Rahman, Associate Professor in Economics and Director of Institute of Business Studies, Sheikh Hasina University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh

How to cite this article: Akim M R. Motivational Ability in Politics for Getting Things Done Effectively: A Case Study of HPM Sheikh Hasina’s Leadership in Bangladesh. Psychol Behav Sci Int J. 2024; 21(4): 556069. DOI: 10.19080/PBSIJ.2024.21.556069.

Abstract

HPM Sheikh Hasina having served as Prime Minister of Bangladesh for over 19 years, which has secured her to be the longest serving Prime Minister in the History. Today people are enjoying the facilitations of Padma Bridge, Metrorail services, Dhaka elevated expressway and then the benefits of the establishment of Union Digital Centers, a visionary creation aimed at connecting every corner of the country to the digital network. With this progression and HPM’s roles in multi-faucets particularly motivation & ability for political maneuvering, this study theoretically examines whether the power of motivation and ability in political maneuvering through psychological behaviors for getting things done have served effectively securing long-term in power. Accordingly, it introduces a Model of Success or Achievement. They are Success or Achievement = ƒ (motivation, ability, and efforts in getting things done) and the value of success is inversely related to the probability of success or achievement i.e. (value of success) α 1 / (probability of success) where (ability for efforts) = ƒ (skillfulness in utilizing psychological behaviors, offering incentives etc.). For psychological behavioral assessment in politics, few prepared speeches were in review, which indicates HPM’s propensity for strategies of cooperation and risk-taking orientation in most cases where conflicting strategies are found rarely. Here the power of motivation and ability has transformed how a government provides effective services to citizens, businesses, and other government agencies in a country. This model is named Akim’s Model, which can ensure success in political arena rewarding a lengthy-period in leadership-power of a democratic country, like Bangladesh. Here the HPM Sheikh Hasina has set an example in today’s 21st century business-driven work.

Keywords: Motivation & Ability in Political Maneuvering; Success or Achievement; Economic Growth; Mathematical Models; Non-Partisan Administration

Abbreviations: SERI: Social and Economic Research Institute; HPM: Honorable Prime Minister; DU: University of Dhaka; GDP: Gross Domestic Product; KJA: Khan Jahan Ali; HIES: Household Income and Expenditure Survey; BBS: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; BNP: Bangladesh Nationalist Party; HE: Her Excellency; DC: Deputy Commissioners; UNO: Upazilas Nirbhay Officers; NIP: New Industrial Policy

Introduction

Honorable Prime Minister (HPM) Sheikh Hasina, having served for a combined total of over 19 years, has secured her to be the longest serving Prime Minister in the History of Bangladesh. As of August 26, of 2023, she is also the world’s longest-serving female head of government in history [1]. HPM Sheikh Hasina served her first term as Prime Minister of Bangladesh from June 1996 to July 2001. Since January 2009, Sheikh Hasina has been serving as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh in her second term. In 2018, she was one among Time’s 100 most influential people in the world [1]. This accomplishment raises the question: whether HPM’s motivation, ability, and efforts for political maneuvering contributed significantly? This study takes on the challenges answering the questions posed. Accordingly, it advances with setting up specific objectives of the study. It then starts with the major outcomes that have been accomplished during HPM Sheikh Hasina’s ongoing era in economy & politics of Bangladesh. Furthermore, it cross examines weather HPM Sheikh Hasina’s magical power of motivation and ability for effective maneuvering in politics of Bangladesh have facilitated particularly in two folds. They are

a) todays’ higher growth-trends of economy

b) secured her to be the longest serving Prime Minister in the History of Bangladesh.

Objectives of the Study

The length of service period of HPM Sheikh Hasina as Prime Minister of Bangladesh as a foundation, the goals of the current study are as follows:

a) To explore the periods 1996-2001 and 2009-present of HPM in Office for capturing growth-trends in Bangladesh.

b) To explore the factors of growth trends in multiple areas that have linkages to the success, which has facilitated HPM Sheikh Hasina in office for a lengthy period.

c) To introduce mathematical models capturing the relationship between motivational ability and maneuvering capacity through psychological behaviors.

d) To examine whether HPM’s qualities of leadership such as the power of motivation & ability in political maneuvering have facilitated successes.

HPM’s life in Politics of Bangladesh: Historical Background

HPM Sheikh Hasina graduated from University of Dhaka (DU) in 1973. During her early student life, she was the Vice-President of Students Union at the Eden College between 1966 and 1967. At the University level, she engaged in the politics of the Student League and was elected as the General Secretary of the women’s unit in Rokeya Hall at the DU. She is one of the daughters of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahan, the founding father of the nation. After the assassination of the founding father of the nation, Sheikh Hasina along with survived other members of Mujib-family were struggling for survival. In 1981 she was elected as the President of Bangladesh Awami League. In 1986, she was the Leader of the Opposition in Parliament, Govt of Bangladesh and played crucial role in establishing democracy in Bangladesh. HPM Sheikh Hasina led the historic mass movement of the 1990s in Bangladesh. In 1991, she became the Leader of the Opposition in the country’s 5^th Parliament. In leadership she steered all the political parties in the parliament towards changing the Presidential system of government into the Parliamentary one. In 1996, Sheikh Hasina first became the Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. In 2001, she was the Leader of the Opposition in parliament. In 2009, she again because the Prime Minister. In January of 2014, she became Prime Minister for the third time and since then she has been Prime Minister of Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh as of today. Accordingly, under Constitutional Provisions of Bangladesh, the nation is now approaching to the 12^th General Election on January 7^th of 2024. However, as before, observers and political analysts see uncertainty and escalation of violence as political parties, the AL, and the BNP, have been sticking to their demands. The AL wants the election to be held with the current government in power while the BNP wants the resignation of the government and election under a non-partisan administration. This dilemma in Bangladesh political arena is no new.

Growth-Trends in Bangladesh: An Exploration of Recent Eras

Growth Trends in Multi-faucets

Economic Development: As reported, under the tenure of Sheikh Hasina as prime minister,

Bangladesh has achieved spectacular development in various sectors including economy, administration, education, and information technology that the country is enjoying today without discrimination whether its people are residing in city areas or in rural areas. Recently a local newspaper, the Dhaka Tribune [2] reported that the Commonwealth Trade and Investment Forum highlighted the growing global interest in Bangladesh and its fast-growing economy. Hundreds of international businesspeople globally country-wise flocked to the nation’s capital in aim to attend the recent conference to seize on the opportunities presented by modem Bangladesh. Bangladesh is set to become the ninth largest consumer market globally by 2030 where Dhaka has seen considerable infrastructure investment in recent years, including the new Dhaka Metro and a new third terminal at Dhaka Airport. At the same time, the city maintains some of the lowest electricity and water usages costs in the region, with as much as 55% savings on electricity costs compared to cities such as Karachi and Beijing [2].

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): As reported on latest GDP in Bangladesh, for year 2022, it

was $460.20B. In the year 2021, the GDP was $416.26B. Bangladesh GDP for 2019 was $351.24B, a 9.29% increase from 2018. Here services are the biggest sector of the economy and account for 52 percent of total GDP. Within services the most important segments are wholesale retail and trade; transport, storage and communication and real estate, renting and business activities (Figure 1).

Infrastructure Development: It involves improvement of the quality of the various

components of infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, powerplants, ICT, water, and sanitation etc. It is a key factor in promoting economic growth and attracting foreign investors for sustainable production and productivity. At the same time, it enhances the popularity of the party or leadership under whom the progression takes place. Conversely, inadequate levels of infrastructure constrain economic growth, a situation developing countries in general find themselves in. This requires the government to invest in infrastructure supplemented by external financing. On this aspect, the Premiership of HPM Sheikh Hasina (1996-2001, 2009-present) has contributed significantly. Its focuses are on road transport infrastructure and its impact on economic growth. Here government’s attempts are to plan & prioritize development of infrastructure, roads, and bridges to create a culture of maintenance are targeted at raising the country’s competitiveness & attractiveness to foster growth of all sectors of the economy. It can also generate government revenues as toll from these bridges for the greater interest of the Mujib nation, the Bangladeshi.

Economically most Important Bridges in Bangladesh: For any nation, infrastructure is

something that shapes a country’s foundation for economic growth. There is no denying that a bridge occupies a great position in the economic development of a country. Because of their direct connections to other locations, bridges have played a distinctive role in the transportation system. These structures serve to oversee the highway’s traffic loads while navigating obstacles and performing efficient communication between two locations. Furthermore, it helps generate revenues as tolls. On this aspect, Bangladesh is no exception. So, here are some of the most important bridges that are making an impact on Bangladesh’s economy.

a) Padma Bridge: At the top of our list, we have the Padma Bridge, which is the most influential infrastructure in the country. The Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh, HPM Sheikh Hasina, inaugurated the much-awaited Padma Bridge on June 25 of 2023.

b) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Tunnel: The Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Tunnel or Karnaphuli Tunnel would be the first underwater tunnel in South Asia. The main tunnel is 3.32 kilometers long. Each tunnel tube is 2.45 kilometers long and 10.8 kilometers in diameter. Four lanes total and two in each tube will be included in the tunnel.

c) Jamuna Bridge: One of the main water streams in Bangladesh, the Jamuna River, physically divides the country into two halves, eastern and western regions. The Jamuna Bridge, which Bangabandhu dreamt of, was completed in 1998.

d) Khan Jahan Ali Bridge: The Khan Jahan Ali Bridge is one of the largest bridges built over the Rupsha River and is also known as Rupsha Bridge. The Rupsha bridge construction started in 2001 and was completed in 2005. The distance of the bridge from Rupsha Ghat in Khulna city is 4.60 km. Khan Jahan Ali (KJA) Bridge was constructed to promote industrial and commercial activity and improve the livelihood and employment rate for local people.

e) Payara Bridge: The Payara Bridge was built over the Payara River at Lebukhali in the Patuakhali district. The bridge inauguration was in 2021 after construction began in 2016. Longjing Road and Bridge Construction, a Chinese contractor, is conducting the project.

Poverty level improvement: Amidst many positive achievements, a key area of concern for

Bangladesh economy is the rise in inequality in income distribution. The dream of economic emancipation through alleviation of economic inequality was one of the driving forces of our liberation war. Regrettably, there has been an increase in the degree of inequality in income distribution from the mid-1980s. As per the latest Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the country’s Gini coefficient, which is the economic measure of equality, stood at 0.482 in 2016, up from 0.458 in 2010, in a worrying development. Historically Gini stood at 33.12 in 2010 from 33.22 in 2005. The Gini coefficient was 25.88 in 1984 and went up to 33.46 in 1996. Bangladesh had a plan to halve the rich-poor gap by 2015 as part of the Millennium Development Goals. It is the one of the MDGs that was overachieved and before time. Macroeconomic and social indicators show that Bangladesh economy is growing significantly. Figure 2 clearly shows that Poverty level in Bangladesh has been reducing continuously. However, the primary goal of alleviating economic inequality is still struggling. Here growing income-inequality needs to be addressed soon by geographically relocating employment opportunities in multi-faucets. As reported, the Hasina administration has been working to reduce the magnitude of the problem.

Reduction Level of Homeless

On rehabilitation program, initially started by the Father of the Nation in 1972, HPM Sheikh Hasina revitalized the program in 1997 and has been providing ownership of houses & lands to homeless & landless people through the Ashrayan Project. Since 1997, a total of 7, 71,301 homeless families or 38,56,505 homeless people scattered across the country have been rehabilitated under two Ashrayan projects [2].

Food Subsidy or Rationing System for the Poor

Poverty alleviation, economic emancipation and women’s empowerment might be considered as glaring examples of HPM Sheikh Hasina’s leadership. In this effort, the IT revolution, satellite projection, nuclear power plant, and many megastructures like the Padma bridge, Metrorail services became symbolic of good governance & success. It has been marked as the beginning of the country’s development and successive transmigration to a middle-class income generating country from the list of LDCs.

For Ensuring Quality & Modern Higher Education Facilitation in Bangladesh

HPM Sheikh Hasina has emphasized quality and time-befitting education to further consolidate the country’s position in the fast-changing & competitive world. This effort has facilitated establishing a higher number of educational institutions of diverse levels in both private and government sectors. (The Daily Star, 2018; CRI 2020). Currently there are fifty-two public universities and 110 private universities in Bangladesh. As per the UGC annual report, in year 2020 there were 43,62,187 students studied at 46 public universities and 3,28,689 students at 107 private universities in Bangladesh [3]. In the year 2022, the number of students at 50 public universities was 41,31,610 and at 110 private universities 3,10,107. Overall, it was one of the major efforts of putting importance on building a skilled workforce to establish a hunger and for ensuring poverty-free prosperous Bangladesh. Accordingly, HPM Sheikh Hasina commented on this advancement that the expected workforce could bring economic freedom for the people and develop the country socially and flourish culture. She further added “the country will advance further with dignity and honor if such a workforce is built” [4].

Information Technology

HPM Sheikh Hasina’s leadership has made a dream come true by transforming Bangladesh into a digital country. This progression has paved the way for people to get their necessary services digitally. People are now getting their desired services through digital platforms. Students get exam results online; farmers can know the prices of their ag-produce thanks to the country’s digitization. Besides, digitization has created huge job opportunities for the youths. Mobile banking is the gift of digital Bangladesh, and it is increasingly getting popular among the people.

Internet service facilitations in Bangladesh: There were 66.94 million internet users in

Bangladesh in January 2023. Bangladesh’s internet penetration rate stood at 38.9 percent of the total population at the start of 2023. Kepios analysis indicates that internet users in Bangladesh increased by 691 thousand (+1.0 percent) between 2022 and 2023. This digital progression obviously HPM Sheikh Hasina’s motivational efforts to make the nation more digitized matching with today’s progression globally. Kepios is a consultancy-strategy that helps organizations all over the world to make sense of people’s evolving digital behaviors and understand what these changes mean for ongoing success. For perspective, these user figures reveal that 114.5 million people in Bangladesh did not use the internet at the start of 2022, meaning that 68.5 percent of the population remained offline at the beginning of the year.

Digital banking services: Bangladesh has been enjoying both mobile-banking and bank-led

digital-banking services where bank-led digital-banking service-growth rate is slower than that of the mobile-banking services. With this ongoing progression, the Bangladesh Bank, the Central Bank of Bangladesh, recently approved two digital banks for operating exclusively online without traditional physical branch networks [5]. In Bangladesh digital banking service-market, this development is obviously a milestone.

Foreign Investment in Bangladesh

On foreign direct investment in economy, in recent years it has been up and reached to $2.9 billion in year 2023, while the country remains the second largest exporter of apparel in the world. Also, the Commonwealth Trade & Investment Forum, held in Dhaka in September 2023, highlighted the growing global interest in Bangladesh and its fast-growing economy (Figure 3).

Political Tranquility in Bangladesh

The movement for restoration of democracy could not make any further headway until the middle of 1990. It was only the month of June and July of 1990 that some sort of unity and understanding were restored within the three main opposition alliances. The various cultural and professional groups became united and urged the opposition political alliances to formulate area basis program for removing the army-driven dictator from power in the shortest possible time. It is now well recognized that the major two political parties namely Awami League and BNP played significant roles in completion the tasks in multi-faucets and the country observed a neutral democratic election, as per demands. After winning in 1991 general election, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) formed a government with the support of the Islamic party Jamaat-e-Islami, and on 20th March Khaleda Zia was sworn in for her first term as Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. In 1996, Sheikh Hasina first became the Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. In 2001, she was the Leader of the Opposition in parliament where Khaleda Zia served as elected Prime Minister in the period of 2001-2006. In 2009, Sheikh Hasina again became the elected Prime Minister of Bangladesh. In January of 2014, she became Prime Minister for the third time and since then she has been Prime Minister of Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh as of today through general elections. In this political journey, many factors have directly or indirectly contributed to it, which has resulted in today’s success in this 21st Century business-driven world where no mother feeds baby unless baby cries. For further clarity, when a baby cries, the mother gets hurt because of foundational bonding. To overcome this pain, the mother acts maneuvering the child’s actions for the greater interest of the child and for the family in Mujib nation. The presence of this premise can be seen in assessment of psychological behaviors of HPM Sheikh Hasina in multi-faucets.

Political maneuvering skills: In 1996, as the results of effective efforts of political maneuvers,

then Jatiyo Party Chair, Ershad extended support to the AL for forming a coalition government and the AL won the election and formed the government where Her Excellency (HE) Sheikh Hasina became the Prime Minister for the first time. Despite losing in the election for the period of 2001-2006 with BNP and after army-driven political turmoil, in year 2009, the AL again won in the general election and Her Excellency (HE) Sheikh Hasina became the Prime Minister. Since 2009, she has been PM through democratic process of general election in Bangladesh where the nation has been safe from earlier political chaos and military dilemmas in profession. It has positively been serving to establish tranquility and improving economic conditions of Mujib nations slowly but steadily in multi-faucets.

Political tranquility establishment skills: In this political journey, HPM Sheikh Hasina’s

administration signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in December of 1997. Accordingly, it has facilitated ending the insurgency in the Chittagong Division for which Hasina won the UNESCO Peace Prize. Her government has established the Ashrayan-1 Project while bilateral relations with neighboring states improved (Ref). Overall, it has facilitated establishing harmonious relationships among neighboring countries and beyond for mutual interests of economic development country-wise. In domestic political arena, one thing can clearly be said that the nation has not witnessed any military coup since the end of the Ershad-ism era (Ref). Besides the turmoil period (2007 - 2008) in politics, HPM Sheikh Hasina came to power again in 2009. and arranged for letting the criminals, who were behind the political turmoil situation, escaping punishment and leave the country. It would not be overstated that the reality of this longest serving capability obviously drives HPM Sheikh Hasina’s capability of political maneuvering efforts in multi-faucets in Bangladesh and beyond.

Government Administration: Since activities of government administration engage in

controlling a country, city, group of people, etc., HPM Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has tried establishing stronger political foundation based on theme “One Package” of Government Officials. This has been well recognizable in today’s Hasina administration of Bangladesh. However, some people, particularly politicians and experts in political science believe that this has been done by offering incentive(s) directly or indirectly in multi-faucets. It includes, employee promotion, suitable place in choices for transferring, offering facilities in multi-faucets such as buying a car through government based on monthly basis deduction from salary, international trips with government expenses etc. and what not. As reported, a new initiative has been going on to buy cars for Deputy Commissioners (DC) and Upazilas Nirbhay Officers (UNO). Here the government justifies this effort for the seamless organization of the upcoming parliament election for the (Prothom Alo, October 09 of 2023). From a welfare economics perspective, it might be questionable. But it has been working well in maneuvering domestic & international politics. In this administration dynamic-ism --- quick service – capacity building, motivation efforts, skill transfer-ism etc. are going well with HPM Sheikh Hasina’s leadership.

Motivation, Ability, and Efforts in Getting Things Done: Theory of Success or Achievement

In general, people who get things done typically have the motivation, initiative, and perseverance to accomplish their goals. Here motivation means the internal or external factors that initiate, sustain, and direct our actions, thoughts, and behaviors. It drives human behavior, guiding individuals toward their goals, aspirations, and desires. It makes the individual to be self-disciplined to stay focused on his/her tasks, develop strategies for success, and take action to complete them in a timely and functional manner (The Incentive Theory of Motivation, 2021). On the theory of achievement, Mc Clelland et. al. (Mc Clelland et al. 1953) mentioned two factors in summary. They are a) A motivation to succeed and b) a motivation to avoid failure. From an economic point-of-view, the drive or motivation for efforts can be considered as a multiplicative function of three factors: They are a) the motive (succeed, avoid failure) b) the probability of success, and c) the worthiness or value of success (Rahman, 2023). Together, this shows that motivation depends on success frequency. In addition, we provide tentative evidence that the concept of intermediate challenge being most motivating can be quantified into an inverted-U relationship between motivation and success frequency where it first decreases and then increases, or vice versa. Underpinning the theme of today’s business-driven world, the theory of success or achievement can be elaborated as such: Success or Achievement = ƒ (motivation, ability, and efforts in getting things done) and the value of success is inversely related to the probability of success or achievement i.e. (value of success) α 1 / (probability of success).

In other words, the value of success decreases with a higher probability of success where motivation = ƒ (motive to succeed and probability of success) where (motive to be) = ƒ (motive to succeed, motive to avoid cost of failure i.e., losing in reelection) and (probability of success) = ƒ (value of success and ability for efforts) and (ability for efforts) = ƒ (skillfulness in multi-faucets including utilization of psychological behaviors, offering incentives etc.)

This model of Success or Achievement is named after Akim’s theory of success or achievement. In today’s business-mentality world, achieving any goal requires the ability to persist through obstacles and endurance to keep going despite difficulties where the political arena is no exception. In this journey, psychological factors of motivation including methods, rewards, recognitions, and any components that enhance political counterparts’ desires to accomplish their goals. To increase productivity in the process, the political leadership may use a variety of motivational factors in multi-faucets. They are, but not limited to, offering incentives for people in the form of growth in multi-faucets, special programs for poorest such as allocating land, home rationing allocating vehicles and reaching out other political parties with incentive for support on political issues. In case of own employees (i.e., Govt employees), vehicle(s) allotment with govt expenses, or facilitations of buying cars with government expenses and then deduct from salary and promotion or transfer based on employee’s desire etc.

Cross-Examination of the Periods 1996 - 2001 and 2009 - Present of HPH Sheikh Hasina

The above noted approaches were no different in case of HPM Sheikh Hasina having served for long time-period that has secured her to be the longest serving Prime Minister in the History of Bangladesh. These approaches have played significantly to HPM’s motivation and ability in political maneuvering through psychological behaviors where the success in the coming parliamentary election cannot be ignored unless happened something unusual. Figure 4 clearly shows that HPM Sheikh Hasina’s ability and efforts in overcoming political barriers have served well in getting things done in office. During her time in office, many bridges including the Padma Bridge and many expressway-roads in Dhaka City and beyond were opened for operation. Besides this, the Metro Rail System is now in operation. Furthermore, her political effects reviving Mujib’s philosophies including eradicate homeless social problem in Bangladesh has been well recognized globally. The Hasina Government recently declared “Not a single person will remain homeless or landless in Bangladesh. We have been working to implement this goal.” As of March 22, 2023, a total of 39,365 houses with two decimals lands for free to homeless families have been rehabilitated. As of August 15, of 2023, the newly declared homeless- and landless-free seven districts are Madaripur, Gazipur, Narsingdi, Joypurhat, Rajshahi, Chapainawabganj and Chuadanga in Bangladesh [6].

Did Motivation, Ability and Efforts on Political Maneuvering Contribute Significantly to Successes of HPM Sheikh Hasina?

Bangladesh is a Republic, Parliamentary system, and a Unitary state where the Constitution of Bangladesh establishes the government. It comprises with the executives represented by the president, prime minister, and the cabinet. But currently, the position of the president holds de jure importance. Its de facto powers are ceremonial. The Constitution allows the president to act only upon the advice of the prime minister who is the leader of the majority members of Cabinet (Parliament). The Cabinet oversees the formulation and execution of policies of the government. It requires the leadership and Cabinet Members institutional motivation and ability to overcome the political barriers for the greater interest of the Bangladeshi-society. As psychologists mentioned, the leadership and the members of the Cabinet must find motivation within themselves (Ryan et. al. 1985) for ensuring stability & tranquility in providing services to people where their motivations and their ability can be vital for adopting policies that can be win-win for the parties involved in the system. HPM Sheikh Hasina’s motivation & efforts for the better-ness of Bangladeshi and for self-political establishment were no different, it raises question: what are significant achievements of HPM besides self-establishment in position for over 19 years?

30-year Water Sharing Treaty with India: HPM Hasina served her first term as Prime Minister of Bangladesh from June 1996 to July 2001. She signed the 30-year water-sharing treaty with India governing the Ganges. Her administration repealed the Indemnity Act, which granted immunity from prosecution to the killers of the father of the nation.

Government owned company to private sector: Her government opened the telecommunications industry to the private sector, which until then was limited to government-owned companies.

Signed Hill Tract Peace Accord: In December 1997, Hasina’s administration signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, ending the insurgency in the Chittagong Division for which Hasina won the UNESCO Peace Prize [7-14].

Other Achievements

Establishment of the Ashrayan-1 Project

Her government established the Ashrayan-1 Project while bilateral relations with neighboring states improved. Hasina’s government completed the Bangabandhu Bridge mega project in 1998. In 1999, the government started the New Industrial Policy (NIP) which aimed to strengthen the private sector and encourage growth. The Hasina government implemented some reforms to different sectors of the economy, which resulted in the country attaining an average of 5.5% GDP growth. The consumer price index remained at 5%, lower than other developing states who experienced 10% inflation. The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) of the government placed an emphasis on poverty alleviation programs which provided credit and training to unemployed youths and women. Food-grain production increased from nineteen million tons to 26.5 million tons while the poverty rate reduced. The Hasina government adopted the New Industrial Policy in 1999 which aimed to bolster the private sector and attract foreign direct investment, thus expediating the globalization process. The government has established the National Policy for Women’s Advancement which sought to ensure equality between men and women. The policy has aimed to guarantee security and employment, create an educated and skilled workforce, eliminate discrimination and repression against women, establish human rights, end poverty, and ensure participation in socio-economic development. The government introduced three reserved seats for women in all Union Parishad election in December 1997. Hasina’s cabinet approved the National Plan of Action for Children in 1999 to ensure rights and improved upbringing [14-21].

Direction for Further Study

Empirical studies can be conducted for better understanding the attitudes of citizens and government officials and corporate leaders towards HPM being in office for lengthy period in Bangladesh political history. Furthermore, HPM’s motivation & ability for political maneuvering through Consumer Choice Theory Lens can be conducted in any future study for better understanding & for efficiency measurement in multi-faucets [21- 28].

Conclusion

HPM Sheikh Hasina having served as Prime Minister of Bangladesh for a combined total of over 19 years, which has secured her to be the longest serving Prime Minister in the History. Today people are enjoying the facilitations of Padma Bridge, Metrorail services, Dhaka elevated expressway and then the benefits of the establishment of Union Digital Centers, a visionary creation aimed at connecting every corner of the country to the digital network. With this progression and HPM’s roles in multi-faucets particularly motivation & ability for political maneuvering, this study theoretically examines whether the power of motivation and ability in political maneuvering through psychological behaviors for getting things done have served effectively securing long-term in power. Accordingly, it introduces a Model of Success or Achievement. They are Success or Achievement = ƒ (motivation, ability, and efforts in getting things done) and the value of success is inversely related to the probability of success or achievement i.e. (value of success) α 1 / (probability of success) where (ability for efforts) = ƒ (skillfulness in utilizing psychological behaviors, offering incentives etc.). For psychological behavioral assessment in politics, few prepared speeches were in review, which indicates HPM’s propensity for strategies of cooperation and risk-taking orientation in most cases where conflicting strategies are found rarely. Here the power of motivation and ability has transformed how a government provide effective services to citizens, businesses, and other government agencies in countries like Bangladesh. This model is named as Akim’s Model, which can ensure success in the political arena, which can reward a lengthy-period in leadership-power of a democratic country, like Bangladesh. Here the HPM Sheikh Hasina has set an example in today’s 21^st century business-driven work.

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