Abstract

Ichthyofaunal surveys in the river Feni in Tripura (along Indo-Bangladesh border) at different locations on two different dates revealed the occurrence of 22 species of fishes belonging to 20 genera, 9 Families, 8 Sub-families and 5 orders during the first reconnaissance exploration on 6 Feb 2003; and, 10 species under 10 genera, 5 Sub-families, 7 families and 4 Orders were recorded during the subsequent survey on 1 March 2008. Concomitantly, ichthyofaunal survey conducted in the river Muhuri (along Indo-Bangladesh border) at different locations on the same date on 7 Sep 2008, portrayed the occurrence of 10 species of fishes under 10 genera, 4 sub-families, 8 families and 6 Orders in the first location; while, 5 species of fishes under 5 genera, 2 sub-families, 4 Families and 4 orders had been recorded from the 2nd location. Similarly, ichthyospecies exploration work done in River Lubdachhara (a small stream joining River Feni) on 10 June 2000; revealed the occurrence of 20 species of fishes belonging to 20 genera, 8 sub-families, 14 Families and 8 Orders. Detailed taxonomic study along with conservation status of the fishes have been described in the communication.

Keywords:Systematics; Fish fauna; Rivers Feni; Muhuri; Lubdachhara; Tripura; Eastern Himalayas Biodiversity Hotspot; Distribution; Conservation

Introduction

The aquatic biota is under much pressure due to human-induced impacts, including effects on fish and their habitats [1-10]. As such, studies regarding ichthyofauna and their habitat is a dire necessity. Pisces are said to account for 50 % of the total vertebrate population on the earth. They live in almost all known aquatic habitats. c 21,723 living species of fish have been recorded among c 39,900 species of vertebrates on the earth [2,11-19]. Of these, c 8411 are freshwater species and c11,650 are marine [20]. India is considered as a Megabiodiversity country in the globe [21]. c 2500 species of fishes have been reported from India; of which, c 930 live in freshwater (FW) and c 1570 are marine [2,13,18,19,22-24]. This prolific ichthyodiversity of this region had been attracting many ichthyologists both from India and abroad. Concomitantly, North-Eastern region of India has been identified as a `Hotspot’ of Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalayan stretch by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)[25]. This bewildering diversity of this region could be assigned to certain reasons, particularly, the geomorphology and the tectonics of this zone. The hills and the undulating terrains of this region give rise to innumerable torrential rheophilic streams, which lead to big rivers; and, finally, become intricate component of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak-Chindwin-Kolodyne-Gomati-Meghna system [2-5,14-17, 26-29].

There are numerous lentic and lotic water bodies in India. And, the State of Tripura, located in the North-Eastern Himalayan zone, is a hotspot of fish diversity, containing many wetlands and rivers of various kinds including rheophilic hill streams and plainwater rivers and streams. However, the life of the aquatic denizens have been much influenced by human interventions. A little review of literature on Fish taxonomic works revealed that, Menon [30] had researched on an appraisal of Satpura Hypothesis of Distribution of the Malayan Fauna and Flora to Peninsiular India. Notwithstanding the above, [1-5 14-19,24, 26-29, 31-59,] have been carrying out a big number of studies in North-East (NE) India on different parameters of fish and their habitats. Further, Kar and Sen (2007) [60], had done a very detailed study on fish՚ biodiversity in North-East India with particular reference to Barak drainage, Mizoram, and Tripura. Of late, Kar and Khynriam [10, 61-63]; Kar and Roy [64,65]; Kar and Barbhuiya, AH [66]; and, Kar et al., [6,7,14,15,33,37-39,46-49,52,67,68], did extensive works on the fish taxonomy and diversity and other related parameters in large number of water bodies in NE India.

Concomitant to above, some of the other significant works on the fishes and water bodies in India in general and NE India, in particular; are those of Ghosh. and Lipton,1982 [69]; Lipton (1983-84) [70], Barman and Kar [71-73]; Barman, R.C. et.al. [74- 76]; Barman,R.P., 1984,1985 a, b; 1986, 1992, 1994; Barbhuiya et.al. [77-83]; Jayaram, [11-13,84,85]; Lambert et,al. [86]; Menon [30,87-89]; Yadava et.al., [90]; Nath and Dey [91,92]; Sinha, 1994; Sen, 2000 [93,94]; Sen and Khynriam, 2014; Arunachalam, et.al., Das, S.,et.al., [95,-97]; Das Uma and Kar Devashish [20]; Dey, et.al., [98]; Lalramliana et.al., [99,100]; Lokeshwor et.al. [101]; Tilak, Raj and Jain Seema [102]; Khynriam and Sen [103] and Barbhuiya et.al. [104], worked on the Golden Mahseer in Barak drainage in North-East India. Incidentally, Bănăduc et al., [9], worked on the water bodies in Romania.

Notwithstanding the above, Kar, D [43], presented his findings on the Fish Diversity in the Major Rivers in Southern Assam, Mizoram and Tripura at the 2nd International Symposium on GIS and Spatial Analyses in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, from 2-6 Sep 2002, held at the University of Sussex at Brighton in the UK. In addition, Kar D [60], deliberated upon the Sustainability issues of Inland Fish Biodiversity and Fisheries in Barak drainage (Assam), in Mizoram and Tripura at the International Symposium on `Improved sustainability of Fish Production Systems and Appropriate Technologies for Utilisation’ (`Sustain Fish’), held at the Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) at Cochin from 16-18 March, 2005. Further, [55], deliberated upon an overview of the Wetlands, Rivers, Fish Resources and Fish Disease in North-East India at the International Symposium on Aquaculture and Fisheries (as part of the International Conference on Environmental Sustainability for Food Security [55], held at Fisheries College and Research Institute (FCRI), Tamil Nadu Fisheries University (TNFU). In addition, Kar D [56] deliberated upon the Wetlands, Rivers, Fish, Plankton resources and Fish disease and Aquaculture in North-East India as an Overview at the International Symposium, entitled, `Lake 2016’ orgaised by the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, and the Alva’s Education Foundation, Mengaluru (India). Notably, all his deliberations, as mentioned above, had a component on the Fish and fisheries of Tripura. Very recently, Kar D [18] published a Research Article on the Distribution and Conservation Status of Ichthyospecies of River Monu in Tripura as a pioneering work containing detailed Taxonomic Report on the fishes of the River Monu.

As per online information, the river Feni is said to have originated from an elevated land in South Tripura at point (23o16’ 18.3011” N and 91o 46 ‘ 2.9687 “E) which is about c 500 m away from Joy Chandra Chakma Para JB School. The upstream rheophilic portion of the river displays mainly riffles and pools type of microhabitat with occasional cascade type of microhabitat, and mainly with cobbles and gravel with infrequent boulders as substratum. In its course towards downstream, the River Feni joins with another river at a point (23° 1’ 35.4702” N and 91° 46 ‘30. 99 “E) near Pilak Bazar. The River Feni flows down by the side of Sabrum town along the India-Bangladesh Internatonal boundary. Our fish sampling points are located at 22° 59’ 59.6” N and 91° 44’ 03” E.

The river flows down and meets with another river called River Monu at Village called Ravindra Nagar (Sabrum) where our further sampling points were selected (22° 58’ 56.8” N, 91° 39 ‘10.3” E). Incidentally, the River Feni has a upstream rheophilic length of 2.6 km approx (from around Joy ch Chakma Para JB Shool to Khagrachharikona); a mid- stream length of c 53 km upto around Tilak Bazar with mainly run-sheet type of mirohabitat with laminar flow (and, rarely showing riffle-pool type of microhabitat) ; and, a downstream portion of c 68 km (with mainly run-sheet type of microhabitat with laminar and with fines, i.e., mainly silt, sand and clay)till River Feni joins with the River Muhuri at a place called Char Kalidas in Bangladesh ((22.910683, 91.501120; 22o 54 ‘ 42.868”/ N, 91° 30 3.5446//E ) (WG62 + 69 G, Gopal Union, Bangladesh). The combined flow with the name River Feni (after receiving another small Selonia River), ultimately flows into the sea after passing through government Fish Farm. The River Feni meets the Bay of Bengal at a Lat Long Point 22° 44/ 17.4// N and 91° 25/ 32.0// E near Sonagazi National Forest in Bangladesh. The riverine distance from sea meeting point of River Feni to Char Kalidas (meeting point of River Muhuri with River Feni) is 40 km (approx.); and the riverine distance from Char Kalidas to Maitree bridge around Sabrum town is 44 km (approx.). These are some of the significant aspects to be taken into consideration for discussion of issues like the fish movement, etc. Therefore, the total riverine distance from the meeting point of River Feni with the sea up to Maitree bridge (around Sabrum town) is 84 km approx. Therefore, it is quite probable for certain fish species to take up migratory movements from the estuary for various kinds of life activities. The River Feni is one of the principal rivers in Tripura. Fishes were collected from River Feni from the following site(s) (Table 1).

As per online sources, the River Muhuri is a transnational river between India and Bangladesh. As per online information available, after arising from a location in Baramura Reserve Forest (RF) in Tripura, spotted as 7PJC + F9 (23.2811245, 91.7209264, 23° 16’ 52” N and 91° 43’ 15” E; Elevation: 99.51m MSL), the river has a total length of 94 km. The River Muhuri flows into Bangladesh, where it is said to join with River Feni near the latter’s estuary with the Bay of Bengal. After its origin at a location in Baramura, the River Muhuri has a typical stretch of upstream with rheophilic characteristics upto Muhuripara playground covering a distance of c 20 km with typical riffle-pool and sometimes cascade type of microhabitat with mainly boulders and occasionally bedrocks as substratum. Then, follows a typical midstream stretch from Muhuripara playground to a Post office location at Kalashi Bazaar covering 19 km having mainly cobbles and gravels as substratum. There seems to be a Kalashi Barrage bridge at this location. In its final downstream stretch, the River Muhuri seems to cross the International border between India and Bangladesh at a Lat- Long position 23.243167, 91.448464 and the terminal plain water downstream stretch of the river passes through Jagatpur Bazar, Koroia Bazar, etc; and, gaining in width as it flows through Bangladesh with run-sheet type microhabitat having laminar flow of water and fines (silt, sand and clay as substratum) as substratum, the River Muhuri meets with the River Feni at a point called Char Kalidas (22.910683, 91.501120) (WG62 + 69 G, Gopal Union, Bangladesh) and the combined flow with the name River Feni (after receiving another small Selonia River) ultimately flows into the sea after passing through government Fish Farm.

The River Muhuri is one of the main rivers in Tripura. Fish were collected from River Muhuri from the following sites (Table 1) The River Lubdachhara is a small stream which joins River Feni. Arising from a location at 22° 59’ 0.4978” N, 91° 42” 57.5464” E, it joins the River Feni at 22° 59’ 4.2778” N; 91° 42’ 41.4706 “ E. This small stream has a total length of 5.7 km, and it flows mostly through plains (Table 2).

Material and Methods

Fish samples had been collected through experimental fishing using cast nets (diameter 3.7 m ‒ 1.0 m), gill nets (vertical height 1.0 m ‒ 1.5 m; length 100 m ‒ 150 m), drag nets (vertical height 2.0 m), triangular scoop nets (vertical height 1.0 m) and by using different types of traps. The technique of Camouflaging was also used to catch the fishes. Fishes had been preserved at first in concentrated formaldehyde in the field itself and then in 10% formalin. Fishes have been identified after standard literature [11,13,84,87,88,105,] and fishbase.org. The arrangement of classification, followed here, is that of Greenwood et al., Jayaram, Kar and Khynriam [11-13,61,84,112,].

Observations

Systematic list of Fishes of River Feni collected at Sabrum in Tripura: Collection on: 6 2 2003
Order (I): Cypriniformes
Family (A): Danionidae
Sub-family (a): Chedrinae
Genus (i): Securicula Gunther, 1868
Species: (1) Securicula gora (Hamilton,1822)
Genus (ii) Salmostoma Gunther, 1868
Species:(2) Salmostoma bacaila, (Hamilton,1822)
Species: (3) Salmostoma. phulo pohulo(Hamilton,1822)
Genus (iii): Cabdio Hamilton 1822
Species (4): Cabdio morar (Hamilton, 1822)
Genus (iv): Barilius Hamilton,1822
Species (5): Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822)
Sub-family(b): Danioninae
Genus (v) Chela Hamilton, 1822
Species (6): Chela cachius (Hamilton, 1822)
Genus (vi): Devario Heckel, 1843
Species (7): Devario naganensis (Chaudhuri, 1912)
Sub-family(c): Rasborinae
Genus (vii): Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860
Species (8) Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822)
Sub-family (d): Smiliogastrinae
Genus: (viii): Puntius Hamilton, 1822
Species (9): Puntius chola (Hamilton, 1822)
Species (10): Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)
Genus: (ix) Pethia Pethiyagoda, 2012
Species (11): Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822)
Family(B): Cyprinidae
Sub-family(e): Labeoninae
Genus (x) Cirrhinus Cuvier, 1817
Species (12): Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)
Family (C): Nemacheilidae
Genus (xi); Paracanthocobitis Peters, 1861
Species (13): Paracanthocobitis botia, (Hamilton, 1822)
Family(D): Cobitidae
Genus (xii): Canthophrys Swainson, 1838.
Species (14): Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822)
Genus (xiii)Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1858
Species (15): Lepidocephalichthys gun tea (Hamilton, 1822)
Order (II): Siluriformes
Family(E): Siluridae
Genus(xiv): Ompok Lacepede,1803
Species (16): Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch,1794)
Family (F): Sisoridae
Sub-family(f): Sisorinae
Genus(xv): Erethistes Muller and Troschel, 1849
Species (17): Erethistes hara (pusillus), Muller and Troschel,
1849/(Hamilton, 1822)
Family (G): Sisoridae
Sub-family(g): Glyptosterninae
Genus(xvi): Exostoma Blyth,1860
Species (18): Exostoma berdmorei Blyth,1860
Order (III): Synbranchiformes
Family(G): Mastacembelidae
Genus (xvii): Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800
Species (19): Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822
Order (IV): Gobiiformes
Family(H): Gobiidae
Sub-family (h): Gobiinae
Genus(xviii): Psammogobius
Species (20): Psammogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837)
Genus (xix): Gossanous Gil, 1859
Species (21): Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
Order(V): Anabantifirmes
Family (I): Channidae
Genus (xx): Channa Scopoli, 1777
Species (22): Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793)
Systematic list of Fishes of River Feni at Sabrum in Tripura:
Coll: 1 3 2008 ( Lot 2):
Order(I): Cypriniformes
Family (A): Danionidae
Sub-family (a): Esominae
Genus (i): Esomus Swainson, 1839
Species (1): Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822)
Sub-family(b): Rasborinae
Genus (ii): Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860
Species (2) Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822)
Sub-family (c): Smiliogastrinae
Genus: (iii): Puntius Hamilton, 1822
Species (3): Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)
Family(B): Cyprinidae
Sub-family(d): Labeoninae
Genus (iv) Cirrhinus Cuvier, 1817
Species (4): Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)
Genus: (v) Labeo Cuvier, 1816
Species (5) Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Family(C): Cobitidae
Genus (vi): Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1858
Species (6): Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822)
Order (II): Siluriformes
Family (D): Bagridae
Genus(vii): Mystus Scopoli, 1777,
Species (7): Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794)
Order (III): Synbranchiformes
Family(E): Mastacembelidae
Genus (viii): Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800
Species (8): Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822
Order (IV): Anabantiformes
Family (F): Ambassidae
Genus (ix): Chanda Hamilton, 1822
Species (9): Chanda nama Hamilton, 1822
Family (G): Osphronemidae
Sub-family (e): Trichogastrinae
Genus (x): Trichogaster Bloch and Schneider, 1801
Species (10): Trichogaster fasciata Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Systematic list of Fishes of R. Muhuri, River Sl 29, Lot (1):
Collection on : 7 9 2008
Order(I): Cypriniformes
Family(A): Cyprinidae
Sub-family (a): Smiliogastrinae
Genus:( i): Puntius Hamilton, 1822
Species (1): Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822):
Sub-family(b): Labeoninae
Genus (ii) Cirrhinus Cuvier, 1817Species (2): Cirrhinus
mrigala (Hamilton, 1822):
Genus: (iii)Labeo Cuvier, 1816
Species (3) Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822):
Order (II): Siluriformes
Family (B): Bagridae
Genus (iv): Batasio Blyth, 1860
Species (4): Batasio batasio (Hamilton, 1822):
Family (C): Heteropneustidae
Genus (v): Heteropneustes Muller, 1840
Species (5): Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794):
Order (III): Beloniformes
Family (D): Belonidae
Genus (vi): Xenentodon Regan, 1911
Species (6): Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822):
Order (IV): Anabantiformes
Family (E): Ambassidae
Genus (vii): Chanda Hamilton, 1822
Species (7): Chanda nama Hamilton, 1822 :
Order (V): Gobiiformes
Family(F): Gobiidae
Sub-family (c): Gobiinae
Genus (viii): Glossogobius Gill, 1859
Species (8): Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822):
Order (VI): Anabantiformes
Family (G) Osphronemidae
Sub-family (d): Trichogastrinae
Genus(ix): Trichogaster Bloch and Schneider, 1801
Species (9): Trichogaster fasciata Bloch & Schneider, 1801:
Family (H): Channidae
Genus (x): Channa Scopoli, 1777
Species (10): Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) :
Systematic list of Fishes of R. Muhuri, River Sl 40, Lot (2):
Collection on : 7 9 2008
Order(I): Cypriniformes
Family(A): Cyprinidae
Sub-family (a): Smiliogastrinae
Genus: (i): Puntius Hamilton, 1822
Species (1): Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822):
Sub-family (b): Cyprininae
Genus: (ii)Labeo Cuvier, 1816
Species (2) Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822):
Order (II): Siluriformes
Family (B): Bagridae
Genus (iii) Mystus Scopoli, 1777,
Species (3): Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794):
Order (III): Beloniformes
Family (C): Belonidae
Genus (iv): Xenentodon Regan, 1911
Species (4): Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822):
Order (IV): Synbranchiformes
Family(D): Mastacembelidae
Genus (v): Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800
Species (5): Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822:
Systematic list of Fishes of R Lubdachhara: River Sl No. 37:
Collection: 10 6 2000
Order (I): Osteoglossiformes
Family (A): Notopteridae
Genus (i): Notopterus Lacepede 1800
Species (1): Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
Order (II): Clupeiformes
Family(B): Dorsomatidae
Genus (ii): Gudusia Fowler 1911
Species (2): Gudusia chapra (Hamilton, 1822)
Order (III): Cypriniformes
Family (C): Danionidae
Sub-family(a): Chedrinae
Genus (iii): Salmostoma Swainson 1839
Species (3): Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton, 1822)
Genus (iv): Opsarius McClelland, 1838
Species (4): Opsarius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807)
Sub-family (b): Esominae
Genus (v): Esomus Swainson, 1839
Species (5): Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822)
Sub-family(c): Rasborinae
Genus (vi): Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860
Species (6) Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822)
Sub-family (d): Smiliogastrinae
Genus: (vii) Pethia Pethiyagoda, 2012
Species (7): Pethia ticto (Hamilton, 1822)
Family: (D)Botiidae
Sub-family(e): Botiinae
Genus (viii): Botia Gray, 1831
Species (8): Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822):
Family (E): Cobitidae
Genus (ix): Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1858
Species (9): Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822)
Order (IV): Siluriformes
Family (F): Bagridae
Genus(x): Mystus Scopoli, 1777,
Species (10): Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794)
Family (G): Schilbeidae
Genus (xi): Eutropiichthys Bleeker, 1862
Species (11): Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822)
Genus(xii): Pachypterus
Species (12): Pachypterus atherinoides (Bloch, 1794):
Family (H): Heteropneustidae
Genus (xiii): Heteropneustes Muller, 1840
Species (13): Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)
Order (V): Anabantiformes
Family (I): Ambassidae
Genus(xiv): Parambassis Bleeker, 1874
Species (14): Parambassis ranga (Hamilton, 1822)
Family (J): Badidae
Genus(xv): Badis Bleeker, 1853
Species (15): Badis badis (Hamilton, 1822)
Order (VI): Cichliformes
Family (K): Cichlidae
Genus (xvi): Oreochromis Gunther,1889
Speies (16): Oreochromis mosambicus (Peters, 1852)
Order (VII): Gobiiformes
Family(L): Gobiidae
Sub-family (f): Gobiinae
Genus (xvii): Glossogobius Gill, 1859
Species (17): Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
Family (M): Channidae
Genus (xviii): Channa Scopoli, 1777
Species (18): Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822)
Species (19): Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)
Order (VIII): Tetraodotiformes
Family (N): Tetraodontidae
Sub-family (g): Tetraodontinae
Genus (xix): Leiodon Swainson, 1839
Species (20): Leiodon cutcutia (Hamilton, 1822)

Systematic Account of Fishes Genus: Notopterus Lacepede (1800)

Notopterus Lacepede (1800). Hist.nat. Poiss., 2 :190 (Type species: Gymnotus notopterus Pallas, by absolute tautonomy); Roberts, 1992, Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 2(4):361-383 (revisioin); Talwar and Jhingran, 1991, Inland Fishes 1 : 62; Jayaram [11], FW Fishes of the Indian Region : 20; Menon [88], Rec. Zool. Surv. India Occ Paper No. 175: 9

Generic Characters: Body oblong laterally compressed; cranio-dorsal profile straight or slightly concave. Abdomen with 25-28 pre-pelvic double serrations. Head compressed. Mouth wide, cleft of mouth extending upto or beyond posterior border of eyes. Eyes moderate, dorso-lateral. Gill membranes partly united. Dorsal fin small, tuft-like, inserted near middle of body with 8-10 rays. Anal fin is very long, low, ribbon-like, with 100-135 rays; confluent with the caudal fin. Pelvic fins rudimentary. Caudal fin small. Scales small. Lateral line complete, more or less arched with about 180 scales.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.: 10 6 2000; 1 ex; Museum No. 37/1(i); Coll. Prof. D. Kar and Party. Key to species: Cranio-dorsal profile straight or slightly concave. Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)

Distribution: In many water bodies in almost throughout India; also, in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sumatra, Thailand, etc. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Gudusia Fowler, 1911: Gudusia Fowler, 1911. Proc Acad. Nat. Sci, Philad. 63 : 207 (Type species: Clupanodon chapra Hamilton-Buchanan, by orginal designation); Whitehead, 1985, FAO Fish Synopsis,(125) 7(1): 228-230; Talwar and Jhingran, 1999, Inland Fishes 1: 95; Menon [88], Rec. Zool. Surv.India,Occ. Paper No. 175 : 7; Jayaram [11], FW Fishes of the Indian Region : 41; Vishwanath, 2002, Fishes of North-East India, NATP Pub., 29.

Generic characters: Body well-compressed and oblong. Abdomen serrated with 18 to 19 pre-pelvic and 8 to 10 post-pelvic scutes. Head short and much compressed. Snout rounded. Mouth terminal. Cleft of mouth not extending upto orbit. Eyes large, lateral. With a broad adipose eyelid. Dorsal fin inserted above pelvic fin origin with 14 to 17 rays. Anal fin with 18 to 29 rays. Caudal fin forked. Scales small. Lateral line absent.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll. 10 6 2K; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 37/5(i); Coll.: Prof. D. Kar and Party: 1st Report. Key to species: Anal fin with 18 to 22 rays. Body with round spots and absence of any cross bars on sides. Gudusia chapra (Hamilton 1822).

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (both lentic and lotic) (including Salchapra Anua, Fulbari Anua; Rupairbala Anua, Shiv Narayanpur Anua in Cachar,Assam : In all these water bodies,First report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Indonesia Malaya, Nepal, Pakistan, etc. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Securicula Gunther, 1868 SecuriculaGunther, 1868, Cat.Fis.Brit.Mus.,7: 332 (type species, Cyprinus goraHamilton-Buchanan, by subsequent designation)-Howes. 1979, Bull. Brit. Mus.nat. Hist. Zool.), 36 (3):191-Pseudoxygaster Banarescu, 1967, Rev. Roum. Biologie, Zoologie,12 (5): 306 (type-species, Cyprinus gora Hamilton- Buchanan, by original designation)- Mirza, 1970, Biologia, 16 (2): 92-Talwar and Jhingran [111], Inland Fishes,1: 328- Jayaram [11], FW Fishes of the Indian Region: 64.

Generic characters: Body elongate; strongly compressed. Abdomen strongly and sharply keeled, not covered by scales, extending from below opercle to anal origin. Head moderate; axis somewhat oblique comparatively to body axis. Snout blunt. Mouth oblique; cleft reaching anterior border of the orbit. Eyes moderate. Lips thin. Dorsal fin short, very posterior, inserted above anal fin. Pelvic fins inserted nearer to the anal fin than to pectoral. Caudal fin deeply forked. Scales are very small.

Material examined: (1) River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 6 2 2003 (Lot 1); 1 ex; Museum No, 38(a)/1 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Anal fin with 11 to 18 rays. Caudal fin deeply forked. Only species so far known. Species: Securicula gora (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India, including river Barak at Katigora, river Barak at Sartuinek, North-East India (first reports by Professor D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, etc. IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Salmostoma Swainson, 1839 Salmophasia Swainson, 1839, Nat. Hist.Fish., 2: 184 (Type species, Cyprinus oblonga Swainson= Cyprinus bacaila Hamilton- Buchanan, by subsequent designation); Banarescu, 1968, Rev. Roum.Biol. Zool., 13: 13-14; Howes, 1979, Bull.Br.Mus. nat.Hist., (Zool.) 36(3):190-191; Talwar and Jhingran [111], Inland Fishes 1; Jayaram [11], FW Fishes of the Indian Region: 65; Menon, 1999, Rec.Zool. Surv. India Occ. Paper No. 175: 24; Vishwanath, 2002, Fishes of North-East India, NATP Pub.: 51. Generic characters: Body elongated, compressed. Abdomen keeled from below pectoral fins to anus; keel not hardened. Head moderate to long, compressed. Snout blunt. Mouth oblique to body axis; cleft reach anterior margin of orbit or slightly ahead. Lower jaw longer with a knob (generally present) at the symphysis of the 2 bones. Dorsal fin short; inserted mostly opposite to anal fin (or may be little ahead in some cases) with usually 7 to 10 rays. Pectoral fins long and presence of an elongated axillary scale. Anal fin short with 14-20 rays. Caudal fin deeply forked. Ll complete with usually 39 to 112 scales.

Material examined: (1)(a) River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 6 2 2003 (Lot 1); 2 exs; Museum No, 38(a)/2; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. (1)(b) River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/20(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Presence of 4-6 Ll scales between Lateral line (Ll) and pelvic fin base. Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton, 1822).

Distribution: Almost throughout India including River Barak at Lakhipur, Assam (First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also Bangladesh, Nepal, etc. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC): (2)(a) Material examined: River Feni in Tripura; Lot 1; Coll. 6 2 2003; 5 exs; Museum No, 38(a)/3 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Presence of 99 to 112 Ll scales. Salmostoma. phulo pohulo (Hamilton,1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including River Karnafuli in Mizoram along Mizoram- Bangladesh border: First report by Professor D Kar and party); also in River Brahmaputra; The Ganges river system; Bangladesh, etc. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Cabdio Hamilton 1822 Cabdio Hamilton, an account of fishes found in the river Ganges: 333, 392.

Generic characters: Body elongate. Abdomen rounded. Head moderate rounded anteriorly. Snout obtuse. Mouth small, inferior. Eyes lateral. Lips thin. Lower jaw without any lip and with a sharp crescent bony edge. Barbel absent. Dorsal fin inserted behind pelvic fins. Caudal fin forked. Lateral line much decurved. Scales of moderate size; eye, 17.2 to 25.3 % HL.

Material examined: (1) River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 6 2 2003 (Lot 1); 1 ex; Museum No, 38(a)/4 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Lateral line scales 38 to 42. Anal fin with 10 to 12 rays. 2.5 to 3 rows of scales between lateral line and pelvic fin base. Cabdio morar (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India, including river Barak at Lakhipur and at Khangbor (First report by by Prof. D Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, etc. IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus Barilius Hamilton, 1822 Barilius Hamilton, 1822, Fish Ganges, 266, 384 (Type species: Cyprinus barila Hamilton).

Generic characters: Body moderately elongate and compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head sharply pointed; might have “peral organs” and tubercles. Mouth anterior or obliquely directed upwards. Eyes large and superior in the anterior half of the head, not visible from below the ventral surface. Upper jaw longer than lower. Characteristic muscular pads present in front of the bases of the pectoral fins. Dorsal fin inserted opposite the inter-space between pelvic and anal fins, nearer to caudal-fin base than to the tip of the snout. Caudal fin forked. Scales moderate. Lateral line concave. The body usually covered with vertical bands.

Material examined: (1) River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 6 2 2003 (Lot 1); 2 exs.; Museum No, 38(a)/5 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Body depth (BD) 20.9 to 22.3 % of Standard Length (SL). Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822), IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: OpsariusMcClelland, 1838 OpsariusMcClelland, 1838. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 7: 944.

Generic characters: Body long, mouth widely cleft and horizontal with symphysial knob received into a corresponding depression in the apex of the upper jaw. Back straight, dorsal fin placed opposite to anal fin, both fins situated near the caudal extremity.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/4(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Anal fin short with 7-8 branched rays. Each scale usually with a black spot. Opsarius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India, particularly, in the hill streams (including River Barak at Karong,Tamenglong, Vangai, Thinghmun-Patpuihmun, Thingkal, Liben (Joining Barak) in North-East India (in all these collections: First report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, etc. IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC). Genus: Esomus Swainson, 1839. Esomus Swainson, 1839, Nat.Hist. Fishes, 2: 285 (Type species: Esomus vittatus Swainson= Cyprinus danrica Hamilton-Buchanan by monotypy); Ahl,1923, Mitt.Zool. Mus.Berlin, 11: 38-43 (revision); Talwar and Jhingran, 1999, Inland Fishes I: 373; Jayaram, 1999, FW Fishes of the Indian Region : 76; Menon, 1999, Rec. Zool. Surv. India Occ. Paper No.175; Viswanath, 2002, Fishes of North-East India, NATP Pub.: 48.

Generic Characters: Body elongated, strongly compressed, Abdomen rounded. Head and snout small, obliquely directed upwards. The presence of two pairs of barbels. Maxillary pair very long extending upto anal fin. Dorsal fin inserted in the interspace between anal and pelvic fins, nearer to anal fin than pelvic with 6 branched rays and no spine. Anal fin with five branched rays. Caudal fin forked. Lateral line, when present, is strongly arched anteriorly and runs in the lower half of caudal peduncle with 27 to 34 scales.

Material examined: (a)River Feni in Tripura; Lot 2; Coll., 1 3 2008; 3 Exs; Museum No: Museum No.38/4(i) to 4(iii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. (b) (a)River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll., 10 6 2000; 1 Ex; Museum No.37/19(i): : Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report. Key to species: Absence of pre-caudal spot. Presence of long maxillary barbels; broad lateral bands on sides. Presence of 14 scales around caudal peduncle.

(1) Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Karbhala Beel, Cachar; Assam; River Gomati in Tripura (in many of these collections: First report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, etc. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). Genus: Chela Hamilton, 1822 Chela Hamilton, 1822, An account of fishes found in the river Ganges: 258, 353.

Generic Characters: Body deep, abdomen keeled. Mouth small and opening vertically, barbel absent. Dorsal fin inserted near caudal fin. Inter orbital region without scales. No symphysial process on lower jaw. First ray of pelvic fins considerably longer.

Material examined: River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 6 2 2003 (Lot 1); 1 ex.; Museum No, 38(a)/6; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Outer ray of pelvic fins strongly produced. Lateral line complete with 51-56 scales. Body shining silvery with a greenish longitudinal band.

Chela cachius (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including River Barak at Lakhipur; Collector: Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, etc. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC). Genus: Devario Heckel, 1843. Devario Heckel, 1843, Ichthyologie (von Syrien) in von Russesa, Ereisen in Europa, Asia and Africa 1 (2): 1015 (Type species: Cyprinus devario Hamilton monotypy).

Generic characters: Mainly differentiated from Danio by a short and wide pre-maxillary ascending process, a short maxillary barbel, a “P stripe” extending to median caudal-fin rays. Infraorbital five or not or slightly reduced.

Material examined: River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 6 2 2003 (Lot 1); 7 exs.; Museum No, 38(a)/7; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Lateral line scales,40-43; dorsal fin with 8-9 branched rays. A single lateral band well-marked posteriorly.

Devario naganensisis (Chaudhuri, 1912)

Distribution: Almost throughout India Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indo-China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand, etc. IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC). Genus: Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860. Amblypharyngodon Bleeker, 1860 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 20 (no. 3): 433] Masc. Cyprinus mola Hamilton 1822. Type by being a replacement name.

Generic characters: Body moderately long, sub-cylindrical. Abdomen round. Head much compressed. Snout obtusely rounded. Mouth wide, antero-lateral and not protractile. Eyes centrally-placed and large; they are not visible from below the ventral surface. Upper lip absent. Lower lip with a short labial fold. Lower jaw prominent with a thin sharp edge and a symphysial knob which fits into the upper jaw. Barbells absent. Dorsal fin inserted little behind insertion of pelvic fins. Anal fin short. Caudal fin forked. Scales minute.

Material examined: (1) River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 6 2 2003 (Lot 1); 1ex.; Museum No, 38(a)/8 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. (2) River Feni in Tripura; Coll. 1 3 2008 (Lot 2); 4 exs.; Museum No, 38 /5 (i) to 5 (iii), 10(i) ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. (3) River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/15(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report. Key to species: Lateral line incomplete with 65-91 scales. A silvery lateral band with dark markings on dorsal, anal and caudal fins present.

Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including Sat Beel, Narapati Beel in Cachar Assam; River Gomati in Tripura (In many of these collections : First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, etc. IUCN status: Least Concern (LC),Genus: Puntius Hamilton, 1822. Puntius Hamilton, 1822, Fish Ganges :310, 388 (Type species, Cyprinus sophore, Hamilton-Buchanan, by subsequent designation); Jayaram [11], rec.Zool. Surv. India Occ. Paper No.135: 1-178 (revision); Talwar and Jhingran, 1991, Inland Fishes 1 : 250; Jayaram [11], FW Fishes of the Indian Region : 108; Menon, 1999, Rec Zool.Surv. India., Occ. Paper No. 175: 65; Nath and Dey, 2000. Fish and Fisheries of NE India (Arunachlal Pradesh): 39; Vishwanath, 2002, Fish and Fisheries of NE India, NATP Pub.: 69.

Generic characters: Body short to moderately long, deep, compressed. Abdomen round. Head short. Snout obtuse, conical or pointed; sometimes, maybe with tubercles. Mouth arched, anterior or inferior. Upper jaw may be protractile. Eyes moderate to large, dorsolateral; they are not visible from below ventral surface. Lips thin, cover the jaws, without any horny covering. Jaws simple without any tubercle at the symphysis. Barbels four, two or may be absent. Dorsal fin short inserted nearly opposite to pelvic fins. Anal fin short. Caudal fin forked. Scales small, moderate or large. (A)Material examined:(1) River Feni in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 10 Exs; Museum No. 38(a)/9; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report. Key to species: Body marked with two conspicuous dark blotches.

Puntius chola (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Salchapra Anua, Fulbari Anua in Cachar, Assam; River Gomati in Tripura: In many of these collections: First Report by Professor D.Kar and Party; also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).(B)Material examined: 2(a) River Feni in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 2 Exs; Museum No. 38(a)/11; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

Material examined: 2(b) River Feni in Tripura; Lot 2; Collection, 1 3 2008; 5 Exs; Museum No. 38/2 (i) to 2 (v); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

Material examined: 2(c) River Muhuri in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 7 9 2008; 8 Exs; Museum No. 29/5 to 12; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

Material examined: 2(d) River Muhuri in Tripura; Lot 2; Collection, 7 9 2008; 1 Ex; Museum No. 40/3(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

Key to Species: Pre-dorsal scales 8-10. Presence of a black spot on dorsal fin and on caudal peduncle.

Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India, including River Barak at Lakhipur; Rupairbala Anua in Cachar Assam; Different locations of River Monu in Tripura; Different locations of River Gomati in Tripura: In all these collections: First Report by Professor D.Kar nd Party. Also, found in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Pethia Pethiyagoda, 2012 Pethia, 2012, Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura and Maduwage: 80 (Type species: Barbus nigrofasciatus Gunther, 1868. Type by original designation). Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura and Maduwage, 2012.

Generic characters: Body short to moderately long, deep, and compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head short. Snout obtuse, conical, or pointed; sometimes, it may have tubercles. Mouth arched, anterior or inferior. The upper jaw may be protractile. Eyes moderate to large, dorsolateral; they are not visible from below the ventral surface. Lips thin, cover the jaws, without any horny covering. Jaws simple without any tubercle at the symphysis. Barbels four, two or may be absent. Dorsal fin short inserted nearly opposite to pelvic fins. Anal fin short. Caudal fin forked. Scales small, moderate, or large.

(A)Material examined: River Feni in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 5 Exs; Museum No. 38(a)/10 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report.

Key to species: Barbel absent, lateral line incomplete, and caudal peduncle with a black blotch.

Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India, including River Vomvadung and River Khuolzangvadung in Dima Hasao District, Assam; River Kopili: at Panimur (in all these collectiuons, first reports by Professor. D. Kar and Party); also in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Maharashtra, Orissa, Eastern, and western Himalaya, Deccan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

(B) Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/13(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Presence of 22-25 Lateral line scales. Predorsal scales (PDS) usually 9. Presence of a long transverse black blotch above pectoral fin and another almost similar on caudal peduncle over the end of anal fin, generally in fresh/live fishes. Usually, presence of a red border in the dorsal fins of males.

Pethia ticto (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Baskandi Anua and Shib Narayanpur Anua in Cachar, Assam: First Report by Professor D.Kar nd Party); also found in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Cirrhinus Cuvier, 1817

Cirrhinus (Oken), Cuvier, 1817, V.KI. Fische. IN: Isis order Encyclopadische Zeituny, 8: 113 (type species, Cyprinus cirrhosus Bleeker, by minotypy), -Banarescu, 1983, Rev.Roum. Biol. (Zool).28 (1): 13-17 (revision)

Generic characters: Body moderate, elongate, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head short. Snout obtusely rounded, with thin skin covering it. Mouth wide, transverse. Eyes moderately large. Upper lip fringed or entire, not continuous with lower. Lower jaw sharp with a small tubercle at the symphysis. Barbels four, two or none. Dorsal fin inserted ahead of pelvic fins. Anal fin short. Scales of varying sizes. Lateral line complete.

(A)(a) Material examined: River Feni in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex; Museum No. 38(a)/12 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report.

(A)(b) Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura; Lot 2: Collection, 1 3 2008; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38/1(iii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

(B)(a) Material examined: River Muhuri in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 7 9 2008; 8 Exs; Museum No. 29/5 to 12; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report.

Key to species: Lateral line scales 40 to 45. Dorsal fin with 15 or 16 rays.

Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including Salchapra Anua, in Cachar, Assam: First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Darjeeling, and Eastern Himalaya. South and South-Eastern Asia, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Labeo Cuvier, 1816

Labeo cuvier, 1816, Regne Animale, 2 (ed.1): 194 (Type species, Cyprinus niloticus Forskal, by subsequent designation); Jayaram and Dhas,1998, Occ.Papers Zool. Surv.India, No. 183 : 1-143; Talwar and Jhingran, 1991, Inland Fishes I : 193; Jayaram, 1999, FW Fishes of the Indian Region : 132; Menon [88], Rec.Zool. Surv. India Occ. Paper No., 175: 125; Nath and Dey, 2000, Fish and Fisheries of NE India (Arunachal Pradesh): 45.

Generic characters: Body of moderate size; sometimes, could be much big in size; elongated, abdomen rounded. Head quite large. Snout more or less swollen, rounded or truncated; often projecting beyond mouth; covered by a groove across and with or without tubercles; generally overhanging the mouth. Mouth usually semilunar and inferior. Eyes moderately large, generally placed at the commencement of the posterior half of the head. Lips thick, fleshy and fringed; continuous at the angle of the mouth forming a labial fold. Post-labial groove may be continuous or discontinuous. Barbels may be present or absent. Dorsal fin inserted above anterior to origin of pelvic fins with 11 to 26 rays. Anal fin short with 7 or 8 rays. Caudal fin deeply forked or emarginated. Lateral line complete.

Material examined: (A)(a) Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura; Lot 2: Collection, 1 3 2008; 2 Exs.; Museum No. 38/1(i),1(ii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report

(B) (a)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 1); 1 Ex.; Museum Nos. 29/3; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

(b)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 2); 1 Ex.; Museum No. 40/1(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Presence of generally 6 to 6.5 scales between lateral line (Ll) and pelvic fin base

Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including River Dhansiri at Bokajan in Karbi Anglong district, Assam : In all these water bodies, First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party ); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Paracanthocobitis Peters, 1861

Paracanthocobitis Peters, 1861, Monats. Akad. Wiss.Berlin for 1861 : 712 (Type species: Acanthocobitis longipinnis Peters = Cobitis pavonaceus McClelland, by monotypy); Menon, 1987, Fauna India, 4 (1): 140; Kottelat, 1990, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen : 18 (as a valid genus); Banarescu and Nalbant, 1995, Trav. Mus.Hist. nat. “Grigore Antipa”, 35 : 430 (as a valid genus); Jayaram [11]. FW Fishes of the Indian Region : 173; Vishwanath, 2002, Fish and Fisheries of NE India, NATP Pub. : 101.

Generic characters: Body deep and strongly compressed posteriorly. Head slightly compressed. Nostrils close together. The presence of a slight indication of an adipose keel. Upper lip covered by 2 or 3 rows of papillae. Lower lip interrupted in the middle and with numerous papillae. Dorsal fin usually with 10 to 18 branched rays. Caudal fin slightly emarginated. The presence of conspicuous black spot at upper extremity of caudal fin.

Material examined: River Feni in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex; Museum No. 38(a)/13 ; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report.

Key to species: Dorsal fin with 9-11 branched rays. Body depth about 20.00 to 23.63 % SL.

Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Baskandi Anua in Cachar, Assam: First report by Prof D Kar and Party); also in Manipur, Myanmar, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Botia Gray, 1831

Botia Gray, 1831, Zool Misc. 8 (Type species, Botiaalmorhae Gray, by monotype), - Hora, 1922, Rec India Mus., 24: 313-321 (revision)- Banarescu and Nalbant, 1968, Mitt. Hamburg Zool. Mus. Inst, 65: 341 (revision)-Taki, 1972, Jap. J. Ichthyol., 19 (2): 63-81 (review)-Menon, 1992, Fauna India, 4 (2), p. 31 (revision)- Jayaram, 1999, Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region: 209, -Menon [88], Rec Zool Surv India, Occ. Paper No. 175: 155 (Check list).

Generic characters: Body oblong, short, moderately deep. Abdomen rounded. Head long, pointed. Snout conical, ventrally flat. Mouth small. Eyes moderately large, superior, in mid-part of head without any skin covering them. Anterior nostrils tubular. Lips thick, fleshy. Presence of a bifid erectile sub-orbital spine below or in front of eyes. The Dorsal fin inserted above origin of pelvic or slightly ahead. Anal fin short. Caudal fin deeply forked. Scales absent on head.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura: Coll.:10 6 2000; 4 Exs.; Museum No.: 37/8(i) to 8 (iv); Coll.: Professor D.Kar and Party : First Report.

Key to species: Eye diameter 33.3 % snout length.

Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost Throughout India (including Baskandi Anua in Cachar, Assam: In all these collections: First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Canthrophrys Swainson, 1838

Canthrophrys Swainson, 1838, Nat.Hist. Fishes: 364 (Type species Canthrophrys albescens, said to be an unnecessary replacement name for Cobitus gongota Hamilton-Buchanan: as in Jayaram, 2010); Vishwanath, 2002, Fish and Fisheries of NE India, NATP Pub.:123.

Generic characters: Body cylindrical, stout, elongated. Abdomen rounded. Head swollen; wider than deep. Nostrils are close together. Snout long, straight, broadly anteriorly with soft warty tubercles. Mouth small, inferior, horseshoe shaped. Eyes bulging, large, superior, situated in the middle of the head. Presence of a sub-orbital bifid spine below the eyes. Presence of 6 barbels; one pair each of rostral and maxillary. The Dorsal fin inserted behind the pelvic origin with 11 rays and without a spine. Anal fin short with 7 rays. Lateral Line distinct and complete.

Material examined: River Feni in Tripura; Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 2 Ex; Museum No. 38(a)/14; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report.

Key to species: Dorsum dark, with indications of 7 or 8 broad dark vertical bands; a prominent large dark patch on cheek.

Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (mainly in the Himalaya foothills) including. River Barak around Lakhipur, Assam: In all these collections: First report by Prof D Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1858
Lepidocephalichthys, Bleeker,1858, NaTijdschr. Ned.Indet. 16 :3: 303 (Type species, Cobitis macrochir Bleeker; Tilak and Hussain,1981, rec Zool.Surv. India Occ Paper No. 32: 3-28 (revision); Menon, Fauna India, 4(2), p.52 (revision); Talwar and Jhingra, 1999, Inland Fishes,1: 520; Jayaram [11], FW Fishes of the Indian Region: 216; Menon [88], rec Zool.Surv.India Occ Paper No.175 : 159

Generic characters: Body elongate; caudal peduncle laterally compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head short, conical. Snout blunt. Mouth inferior, narrow, slightly arched. Eyes small. Lower lip interrupted in the middle. Barbels six; one pair each rostral, mandibular and maxillary. Presence of a large erectile bifid sub orbital spine below or in front of eyes. Origin of dorsal fin variable with 8 or 9 rays. Anal fin short with 7 to 8 rays. Caudal fin truncate or slightly emarginated. Scales small. Lateral line absent.

(A) (i)Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38(a)/15; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

(A)(ii) R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 2; Collection, 1 3 2008; 2 Exs.; Museum No. 38/6(i),6(ii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report

(B) Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 3 exs.; Museum No.37/2(i) to 2(iii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Depth of body <16.7 % SL. Presence of a dark lateral band or dark grey spots on the body.

(vi)Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies throughout India (including Salchapra Anua in Assam: In all these collections: First report by Professor Devashish Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Mystus Scopoli, 1777
Mystus Russell, 1756, Nat. Hist. Aleppo 1: 76; Mystus anguillaris Meuschen. Mystus, Talwar and Jhingran, 1991, Inland Fishes, 2: 554; Roberts, 1994, Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 5(3):243.

Generic characters: Body short or moderately elongated. Head short, flattened. Snout obtuse or rounded. Mouth subterminal, transverse. Eyes anteriorly situated, moderately large. Teeth numerous. Upper surface of head mostly smooth with one or two median longitudinal grooves of varying length. Occipital process long or short, situated superficially concealed under skin. Four pairs of barbells; one each of maxillary, nasal and two mandibular, two dorsal fins; an anterior rayed dorsal with seven or eight rays and a spine; a posterior smooth low adipose fin of varying lengths. Pectoral fins with seven to 11 rays and a strong spine serrated along the inner edge. Pelvic fins with six rays. Anal fin with nine to 14 rays. Caudal fin forked, bilobed with unequal lobes; lobes may be rounded, pointed or prolonged into filamentous extensions. Lateral line complete.

Material examined: (A) (a)R River Feni in Tripura; Lot 2; Coll., 1 3 2008; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38/9(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report

(B)(a) River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Lot 2); 1 Ex.; Museum Nos. 40/4(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

(C)(a) Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 2 exs.; Museum No.37/7(i), 7(ii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Body with two parallel stripes on each side of lateral line. There may also be a dark humeral spot.

Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including Chatla Haor in Assam: In all these collections: First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Batasio Blyth, 1860

Batasio Blyth, 1860, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 29, p. 149 (Type species: Batasio buchanani Blyth= Pimelodus batasio Hamilton- Buchanan, by original designation); Hora and Law, 1941, Rec. Indian Mus., 43, p. 28; Jayaram, 2006, Catfishes of India: 76; Ferraris, 2007, Zootaxa 1418: 84.

Macronoides Hora, 1921, Rec. Indian Mus., 22, p.179 (typespecies, Macrones affinis Blyth= B. tengana (Hamilton-Buchanan) as a sub-genus.

Generic characters: Body short, high and laterally compressed. Abdomen rounded. The head is small, laterally compressed, conical with pores ventrally and on sides. Snout usually rounded; or, sometimes, may be slightly pointed. Mouth inferior, crescentic, horizontal, not wide. Eyes moderate, dorsolateral, in middle part of head. Lips fleshy and fimbriated. Presence of 4 pairs of barbels; one each of maxillary and nasal; and, 2 pairs of mandibuilar. All the barbels generally do not extend beyond the head. Rayed dorsal fin inserted above three-fourth of pectoral fins anteriorly, with 7 or 8 rays anda spine. Adipose dorsal fin low, oarlike. Pectoral fins have 5 to 9 rays and a spine. Pelvic fins with 6 rays. Anal fin short with 12 to 15 rays. Caudal fin generally forked or deeply forked.

Material examined: (a)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 1) ; 1 Ex.; Museum Nos. 29/15; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Adipose dorsal fin short. Absence of humeral spot. Dorsal spine long. Body depth 17.2 to 17.5 % in Standard Length (SL)

Batasio batasio (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Chatla Haor in Assam : In all these collections: First Report by Professor D. Kar and Party); also in Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,Nepal, Bhutan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Ompok Lacepede, 1803
Ompok Lacepede, 1803. Hist. Nat. Poiss.,5: 49 (Type species: Ompok siluroides Lacepede); Haig, 1950, Rec.Indian Mus.,48: 103; Prameswaram, 1968, J.Zool.Soc. India, 19 (1 & 2): 90; Jayaram, 2006, Catfishes of India: 104; Ferrris, 2007, Zootaxa 1418: 371.

Generic characters: Body elongated, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head small, broad. Snout bluntly rounded. Mouth superior; its cleft oblique not extending to front border of eyes. Presence of 2 pairs of barbels; one pair each of maxillary and mandibular. Rayed dorsal fin inserted above last half of pectoral fin, with 3 or 5 rays and spine absent. Adipose dorsal fin absent. Pectoral fins with 11-14 rays and a feebly serrated or smooth spine.

Material examined: (i)Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38(a)/16; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report.

Key to species: Presence of a very long anal fin with 52 to 75 rays; and free from caudal fin. Caudal fin forked. Lateral line complete.

Ompok bimaculatus (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (includiing Repairbala Anua in Cachar district, Assam : In all these collections: First report by Professor Devashish Kar and Party); also on Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, Java, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Srilanka, Sumatra, Thailand, etc.

IUCN Status: Near Threatened (NT)

Genus: Eutropiichthys Bleeker, 1862 Eutropiichthys Bleeker, 1862, versl. Akad. Amsterdam, 14: 398 (Type spcies: Pimelodus vacha Hamilton-Buchanan, by original description); Hora, 1937, J. Bonmbay nat. Hist. Soc., 39 : 431-446 (review); Jayaram, 2006, Catfishes of India : 132; Ferraris, 2007, Zootaxa 1418: 358.

Generic characters: Body elongated, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head of moderate size, conical, snout pointed or blunt. The cleft of mouth reaching below orbit or slightly beyond. Eyes moderately large, lateral. Presence of 4 pairs of barbells; one pair each maxillary, nasal and two pairs mandibular. Rayed dorsal fin inserted above half of pectoral fins with 7 rays and a spine. Adipose dorsal fin short, posteriorly free. Pectoral fins with 10 to 16 rays and a spine. Pelvic fins with six rays. Anal fin long with 38 to 54 rays. Caudal fin deeply forked

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/6 (i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Nasal barbels reach hind border of head or slightly beyond.

Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including River Barak at Fulertal in Assam: In all these collections: First report by Professor Devashish Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Erethistes Muller and Troschel, 1849 Erethistes Muller and Troschel, 1849, Horae Ichthy., 3: 12. Pl.,1; Fig. 3, 1849 (Type species: Erethistes pussilus Muller and Troschel by monotypy); Guenther, 1864, Cat Fis.Brit. Mus., 5: 233; Hora, 1950, Rec Indian Museum, 47: 183 (revision); Rossel, 1964, Mitt. Hamburg Zool.Mus.Inst., 61 : 152; Kottelat, 1965, Hydrobiologia, 107: 71-74; 1963 (Teview); Nath and Dey, 2000, Fish and Fishereies of NE India: 108 )Arunachal Prades); Jayaram, 2006;Catfishes of India: 280 ); Thompson and Page, 2006: Zootaxa, 1345: 13; Ferraris, 2007, Zootaxa, 1417 : 384 (check list)

Generic character: Dorsal profile sharp upto occiput, steeply rising upto base of dorsal fin; thereafter, slpes down to caudal base. Head elongated depressed, covered with backwardly directed spines. Snout conical. Mouth small, inferior, nostrils close together., separated by a flap of skin bearing the nasal barbel. Four pairs of barbells; one pair each of maxillary, nasals, outer and inner mandibular, all annulated with black rings. No thoracic adhesive apparatus. Rayed dorsal fin inserted almost above pelvic fins, with a strong serrated spine. Adipose dorsal fin short, free. Pectoral fins with 5 rays and a spine separated along both edges; serrations along the outer edge arranged in the form of divergent spines; pectroral fins not reaching pelvics, also, pelvic fins may or may not reach anal fin. Anal fin short not reaching caudal base. Lateral line complete, maybe with tubercles.

Material examined: Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 2 Exs.; Museum No. 38(a)/17; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

Key to species: Pectoral spine shorter than head length (HL) (66.7 - 95.3 % HL)

Erethistes hara (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra drainages; (including River Barak at Parbungkai in North-East India: First Report by Professor D.Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Nepal, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern

Genus: Exostoma Blyth,1860 Exostoma Blyth, J.Asiat. Soc. Bengal 29 : 154, 1860 (Type species E. bermorei, Blyth by Original description); Hora and Silas, Proc. Nat. Inst.Sci. India 18 (4): 314, 1952 (Tenaaserim, Burma); Misra, Fauna of India 3, 2nd Ed., 292, 1976 (4 species)); Jayaram, 2006, Catfishes of India: 262; Thomson and Page, 2006, Zootaxa, 1345 : 65 (check list); Ferraris, 2007,Zootaxa, 1418 : 385 (Checklist).

Diagnosis: Body elongated. Dorsal profile arched upto base of dorsal fin; thereafter, nearly straight. The body elongated and flattened ventrally to the pelvic fin base. Head covered with soft skin and depressed; also, it is as broad as long.Snout also depressed, pointed and broadly rounded. Lower labial fold continuous. Lips thich, papillated, continuously reflected around mouth to form a suker. Mouth inferior, transverse. Eyes small, superior. Nostrils are close together and separated by a flap. Four pairs of barbels, 1 pair maxillary, 1 pair nasal, and two pairs of mandibular: one pair outer mandibular and one pair inner mandibular. Gill memnbane confluent with isthmus. Thoracis adhesive apparatus absent. The rayed dorsal fin inserted above and behind pectoral fins with no spie. Paired fis inserted hozontally, broadly rounded. Pelvin fin with 6 rays. Anal fin and does not reach the caudal fin. Caudal fin forked or deeply lunate Skin soft sparsely coloured with minute papillae

Material examined: Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38(a)/18; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

Key to species: Eye diameter (ED) 7.3 to11.6 % Head Lebgth (HL); Head Breadth (HB), 85.3 to 91.6 % of HL

Species: Exostoma berdmorei Blyth,1860

Distribution: In many water bodies in India; inluding Barak and Brahmaputra drainages in NE India (present report being the first of its kind from Feni in Tripura); (including River Barak at Parbungkai in North-East India: First Report by Professor D.Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Nepal, etc.

IUCN status: Data Deficient (DD)

Genus: Pachypterus Swainson, 1838. Pachypterus Swainson, 1838, The Natural History and Classification of fishes, amphibians and reptiles, or monocardian animals, 1: 346 (Type by subsequent designation: Masc. Silurus atherinoides Bloch, 1794).

Generic characters: Barbels four pairs. Part of abdomen more or less keeled. Eyes large and ventro lateral. Dorsal fin with 5-6 rays and a spine. Adipose fin short.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 2 exs.; Museum No.37/6 (ii), 6 (iii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Mouth terminal, its cleft do not extend to anterior border of orbit. A pale golden stripe along lateral line ending in a dusky spot at base of caudal fin.

Pachypterus atherinoides (Bloch, 1794)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (except in Kerala) (including River Barak around Lakhipur in Assam : In all these collections: First report by Professor Devashish Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Heteropneustes Muller, 1840 Heteropneustes Muller, 1840, Arch. Anat. Physiol.: 115 (Type species: Silurus fossilis Bloch); Hora, 1935, Rec. Indian Mus., 38 (2): 134; Jayaram, 2005, Catfishes of India: 313; Ferraris, 2007, Zootaxa: 1418.

Generic characters: Body slender, elongated, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head gently depressed. Snout flat. Mouth small, terminal. Eyes small, lateral and situated in the anterior part of the head. Rayed dorsal fin short; inserted above tip of pectoral fin with 6 to 8 raysand without any spine. Pectorals fin not much big, with 7 or 8 rays and a strong spine.

(a)Material examined: (a)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 1) ; 1 Ex.; Museum Nos. 29/16; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Material examined: (b)River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/17(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Body slender to deep; eyes small; pectoral fin short and rounded; half to one-third the distance between pectoral and pelvic fin origin. The presence of a strong pectoral spine. Caudal fin rounded.

Species: Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)

Distribution: In many water bodies almost throughout India (including Beels in Assam like Dholi Beel and Karbhala Beel in Barak valley of Assam: First reports by Professor D Kar and Party ); also in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Nepal, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least concern

Genus: Xenentodon Regan, 1911 Xenentodon Regan, 1911, Ann Mag nat Hist (8)7: 332 (typespecies, Belone cancila Hamilton-Buchanan, by subsequent designation); - Roberts, 1989, Mem Calif Acad Sci No 14: 152 (review).

Generic characters: Body very elongate, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head pointed. Snout sharply pointed. Mouth superior, wide, cleft extending to orbit. Eyes moderate. Both the jaws prolonged into a beak. Presence of a deep longitudinal groove along upper surface of the head. Dorsal fin usually inserted above anal fin. Caudal fins truncate. Scales small. A lateral line present on posterior half of the body, without a keel.

Material examined: (a)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 1) ; 1 Ex.; Museum Nos. 29/14; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

(b)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 2) ; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 40/5(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Dorsal fin rays 15 – 18. Anal fin rays 16 – 18. Pre-dorsal scales >200.

Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Salchapra Anua in Cachar, Assam : First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also in Manipur, Nepal, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800 Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 2: 283 (Type species: Ophidium aculeatum Bloch by subsequent designation); Sufi, 1953, Bull. Raffles Mus., No. 27: 99-105; Roberts, 1980, Copeia, No. 3 : 385-391; Travers, 1984, Bull. Brit. Mus.Nat. Hist. (Zool.). 47 (2): 141-145; Roberts, 1986, jap. J. Ichthyol., 33 (2): 97- 103; Rhyncohdella Bloch and Schneider, 1801, Syst. Ichth.: 478

Generic characters: Body deep, eel-like, long, compressed. Head long pointed. Snout long fleshy, accommodating a concave prolongation of the upper jaw consisting of a paired series of tooth plates. Mouth inferior. Cleft narrow. Eyes, small, superior, in middle of head. Dorsal fin inserted far behind end of pectoral fins with 13 to 32 detached, depressible spines and 42 to 58 rays. Anal fin with 3 spines and 42 to 58 rays. Caudal fin rounded; and, distinctly separated from dorsal and anal fins. Pelvic fins absent.

(A) (a)) Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38(a)/19; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

(A)(b) Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 2; Collection, 1 3 2008; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38/8(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

(B)(a) River Muhuri in Tripura; Lot 2; Collection, 7 9 2008; 1 Ex; Museum No. 40/2(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report

Key to species: Dorsal fin with 24 to 26 spines and 30 to 42 soft rays. Anal with three spines. Caudal fin distinctly separated from dorsal and anal fins.

Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Salchapra Anua, Shiv Narayanpur Anua in Cachar, Assam: in all these Collections, First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Parambassis Bleeker, 1874

Parambassis Bleeker, 1874, Nat.Verh. Holland. Maatsch. Wetensch., 2 (2): 86 (Type species, Ambassis apogonoides Bleeker by original designation); Guha and Talwar, 1975, J. Inland Fish, Soc. India, 8: 76; Roberts, 1994, Nat. Hist.Brit. Siam. Soc., 42: 271-289.

Generic Characters: Body elongated, compressed. Abdomen round. Head short, compressed. Snout pointed. Mouth large; gape oblique; extending to anterior border of orbit. Eyes large, superior, not visible from below ventral surface of head. Jaws straight or only slightly upturned. Supra-orbital ridge smooth or serrated, with one or two spines posteriorly. Pre-orbit serrated on both ridge and edge. Sub-orbit also serrated. Cheek with four to seven transverse scale rows.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 4 exs.; Museum No.37/10(i), 11 (i) to 11 (iii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Body transparent with a silvery broad lateral stripe on sides. Caudal peduncle depth 10.9 to 12.0 % of standard length

Parambassis ranga (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including River Barak around Lakhipur in Assam : in all these Collections, First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also in Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Chanda Hamilton, 1822 Chanda Hamilton,1822, An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges: 103, 370 (type species: Chanda nama Hamilton 1822 by designation of ICZN)

Generic characters: Body ovate, deep compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head short, compressed with sharp snout. Mouth wide, protractile; extended up to border of orbit or slightly beyond. Eyes large, superior. Pre-orbital edge with four serrae. My lower jaw strongly projecting. Lower limb of pre-opercle with a doubleserrated edge. Opercula without a prominent spine. Two dorsal fins; 1st with seven spines and 2nd with 15-17 rays; the two dorsal fins continuous. A forwardly directed recumbent spine present in the dorsal fin. Anal fin with three spines and 17 rays. Caudal fin forked. Body with cycloid scales. Lateral line complete with 125 scales.

Material examined: (a)River Feni in Tripura; Collection, 1 3 2008 (Coll 2) ; 4 Exs.; Museum Nos.,38 / 3 (i ) to 3(iv); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.
(b)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 1) ; 1 Ex.; Museum Nos. 29/22; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Lower jaw strongly projecting; thus, differ from all other ambassids. The presence of three prominent canine teeth on either side of lower jaw.

Chanda nama Hamilton, 1822

Distribution: Almost throughout India (including Salchapra Anua and Baskandi Anua in Cachar, Assam : in all these water bodies, First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC).

Genus: Badis Bleeker, 1853 Badis Bleeker, 1853, Verh. Bat. Genootsch, 25: 106 (Type species, Labrus buchanani Bleeker = Labrus badis Hamilton- Buchanan, by autonomy).

Generic characters: Body moderately elongated, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head usually large, compressed. Snout bluntly rounded. Mouth relatively small, slightly upturned, terminal, and slightly protractile; cleft does not extend to the eyes anterior margin. Eyes large; not visible from below ventral surface. Lips thin. Lower jaw longer. Opercle with one sharp spine. A single dorsal fin inserted above the base of pectoral fins; the spiny portion more extended than the soft portion; with 16- 18 spines and seven-10 rays. Anal fin with three spines and sixeight rays. Caudal fin rounded. Scales ctenoid and are of moderate size. Lateral line interrupted or absent with 26-33 scales, when present. Some of the unique characters include black stripe along the middle of the dorsal fin; dark bars on the trunk; modified in adults, displayed as two narrow vertical lines; dark pigment on the caudal-fin base differentiated into three vertically-aligned blotches.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/18(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Scales in lateral row 26-28. The presence of a row of dark spots along the base of the dorsal fin.

Badis badis (Hamilton, 1822).

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Baskandi Anua in Cachar, Assam: in all these Collections: First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Nepal, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Oreochromis Guenther, 1889 Oreochromis Guenther, 1889, Ann.Mag. nat. Hist., 4 (6): 70 (Type species: Oreochromis hunter (Gunther, by monotypy); Trewavas, 1983, Publ. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 878: 139-373.

Generic Characters: Body more or less elongate. Abdomen rounded. Head compressed, with concave upper profile. Mouth terminal, large; cleft extending to below anterior border of eyes. Snout rounded. Eyes large, lateral, almost in middle of head. Dorsal fin inserted above base of pectoral fins with 15 or 16 spines and 10 or 12 rays. Anal fin generally with 3 spines. Caudal fin rounded.

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/2(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Dorsal spinous portion longer than soft part; the latter may be prolonged with a filamentous tip.

Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Karbhala Beel in Cahar, Assam: in all these Collections: First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); widely introduced in India, Bangladesh Sri Lanka, etc.

IUCN status: Vulnerable

Genus (xix): Glossogobius Gil, 1859

Species: Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)

Genus: Glossogobius Gill, 1859 Glossogobius Gill, 1859, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.,: 46 (Type species, Gobius platycephalus Richardson, by monotypy); Akihito, In: Masuda et.al., 1984, Fish. Jap.Archipel., : 274; Rema Devi, 1992, Rec.zool. Surv. India, 90 (1-4): 174 (Ennore estuary)

Generic Characters: Body elongated, anteriorly cylindrical, compressed. Abdomen rounded. Head depressed, little pointed. Snout obtusely rounded or pointed. Mouth a little oblique. Cleft not extending to eyes. Eyes large, superior, almost in middle of head. Gill openings continued far below the eyes. Presence of 2 dorsal fins, separated by a short interspace; first dorsal inserted above half or three-fourth of pectoral fins with six rays. Second dorsal fin with 6 to 10 rays. Pelvic fins united, oblong. Anal fin with 8 or 9 rays. Caudal fin oblong to rounded. Scales ctenoid on body; cycloid on head.
(A)Material examined: (A) River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 4 Exs.; Museum No. 38(a)/21; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report
(B)Material examined: (B)River Muhuri in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 7 9 2008; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 29/17; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report
(C)Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 2 exs.; Museum No.37/9(i), 9(ii); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: First dorsal fin with one black spot or without it. Gill membranes connected to isthmus.

Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: Found in many water bodies almost throughout India (including Wetlands in Assam, like Salchapra Anua, in Cachar, Assam : in all these water bodies, First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Myanmar, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Psammogobius (Valenciennes, 1837) Psammogobius (Valenciennes, 1837, freshwater, marine, bethopelagic, amphidromous gudgeon; depth range: 0-3m; tropial 22 - 28 oC; presence of 7 dorsal spines; Dorsal soft rays, 9; anal spines, 1; anal soft rays, 8. Body usualy dark brown to black, with small black spots in longitudinal rows. Pelvic fins with dark cross bands. Body log, cylindrical. Body long cylindrical. Abdomen rounded, head short. Snout short. Mouth seems to be slightly oblique; Eyes seem to be quite large, superior. Gill openings are not wide.

Material examined: R River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38(a)/19; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report

Key to species: Pectoral fins generally with 6 spines and 10 rays.

Psammogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837)

Distribution: Inhabits inter-tidal areas, estuaries, lagoons and coastal rivers(including River Feni in South Tripura (First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); Common in Mangroves; occasioally, swims into lower reaches of freshwater streams.

IUCN status: Least Concern (LC)

Main Reference:

Mauge/, L.A. (1986). Gobiidae, p. 358-388. In: Daget, J.; Gosse, P and Thysvan, D.F.E. (1986) dien Audenaerde (Eds.). Check list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; ORSTOM, Paris, Vol. 2. (Ref. 4343).

Genus: Trichogaster Bloch and Schneider, 1801 Trichogaster Bloch and Schneider, 1801, Syst.Ichth., p.164 (Type species,Trichogaster fasciatus; Trichopodus Lacepede, 1801, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 3, p. 125 (Type species: Labrus trichopterus Pallas, by subsequent designation; Colisa Cuvier,1831.IN: Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.Poiss.,7 : 359 (Type species,Colisa vulgaris Cuvier=Trichopodus colisa Hamilton-Buchanan (by absolute tautonymy).

Generic characters: Body elevated, compressed. Head moderate, compressed. Snout blunts. Mouth upturned, terminal, cleft small. Eyes large, lateral, in middle of head, not visible from below ventral surface of head. Jaws are a little protractile. The ventral border of pre-opercle usually serrated. Number of spines in dorsal and anal fins variable. Pelvic fins in the form of single long filiform ray, and a rudimentary adnate spine. Caudal fin slightly emarginated or truncate. Lateral Line (Ll) may be interrupted with 6-29 scales.

Material examined: (a)River Feni in Tripura; Collection, 1 3 2008 (Coll 2); 1 Ex.; Museum Nos.,38 / 7 (i ); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.
(b)River Muhuri in Tripura; Collection, 7 9 2008 (Coll 1) ; 1 Ex.; Museum Nos. 29/21; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Bands on body 14 or more. Caudal fin may be slightly notched or cut-square.

Trichogaster fasciata Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Distribution: In many water bodies throughout India (including Wetlands in Assam like Salchapra Anua, Shiv Narayanpur Anua: in all these water bodies, First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Channa Scopoli, 1777 Channa Scopoli, 1777, Introd. Hist. Nat.: 459 (Type species, Channa orientalis Bloch and Schneider, by subsequent designation).

Generic characters: Body elongated, sub-cylindrical anteriorly. Abdomen rounded. Head large depressed with platelike scales. Snout somewhat obtuse. Mouth reasonably large; opening moderate to wide; may extend to below orbit. Eyes lateral, moderate; in the anterior part of the head. The lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper. Gill openings wide. Membranes of two sides connected beneath the isthmus. The Dorsal fin long; inserted almost above the pectoral fins with 29-55 rays and no spine. Anal fin long with 21 to 36 rays. Both dorsal and anal fins are free from caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded; scales small; cycloid or ctenoid; scales on the head are more extensive than those on the body. Lateral line abruptly curved or almost interrupted with 37 to 110 scales.

Material examined: (A)Material examined: (A)(a) River Feni in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 6 2 2003; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 38(a)/22; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party : First Report.
(B)(a) Material examined: (B)River Muhuri in Tripura: Lot 1; Collection, 7 9 2008; 1 Ex.; Museum No. 29/13; Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report

Key to species: Dorsal fin with 28-33 rays. A number of dark blotches on flanks; some with many black spots on body and also on dorsal and caudal fins. The ventral side of body usually white or pale yellow.

Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Salchapra Anua and Fulbari Anua in Cachar, Assam : in all these collections : First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh. China, Malaya, Myanmar, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)
(C)(a) Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/14(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Presence of generally 80 Lateral line scales and 22 anal fin rays.

Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Wetlands in Assam like Baskandi Anua, Salchapra Anua in Cachar, Assam: in all these Collections: First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh. China, Malaya, Myanmar, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)
(D)(a) Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/3(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Presence of generally 37-46 dorsal fin rays and 18-20 pre-dorsal scales.

Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including River Lubdachhara in Tripura: First Report by Professor D Kar and Party); also, in Bangladesh. China, Malaya, Myanmar, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

Genus: Leiodon Swainson, 1839 Leiodon Swainson,1839. The natural history and classification v. 2:194 (Type species: Tetrodon marmoratus Swainson 1839 by monotypy).

Generic Characters: Body broadly rounded in cross-section, heavy and blunt. Head large, broad. Eyes widely separated, located high on head. Dorsal and anal fins placed far posteriorly, no spines on fin. Pelvic fins absent. Caudal fins truncate, rounded or emarginated. Lateral line, when present, indistinct. Body covered with numerous spinules on back/belly, sometimes on sides

Material examined: River Lubdachhara in Tripura; Coll.10 6 2000; 1 ex.; Museum No.37/16(i); Coll. Professor D. Kar and Party: First Report.

Key to species: Mouth terminal, no prominent chin. Body dark green to olive green on back; with dark cloudy or reticulated markings; sides mostly with a dark meshwork, and with a dark ocellus just in front of dorsal and anal fins; Caudal fin dusky or bordered with a red band; other fins yellowish grey to olive green.

Leiodon cutcutia (Hamilton, 1822)

Distribution: In many water bodies in India (including Salchapra Anua in Cachar, Assam: in all these Collections: First report by Prof. D. Kar and Party); also, in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal. Bangladesh, Malay Archipelago, Myanmar, Srilanka, etc.

IUCN Status: Least Concern (LC)

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• Research Article
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Material and Methods
• Observations
• Discussion
• Acknowledgement:
• References

Discussion

The present study revealed the occurrene of rich diversity of fishes in the studied rivers with River Feni recording 22 species and 10 species of fishes respectivly during two reconnaissance explorations in the river. Similarly, the River Muhuri portrayed the occurrence of 10 species and 5 species of fishes respectively during the two exploratory surveys. Likewise, ichthyotaxonomical exploratory work done in River Lubdachhara (a small stream joining River Feni) revealed the occurrence of 20 species of fishes. All the above-mentioned rivers flow along the vicinity of Indo-Bangladesh international border; and, had remained ichthyologically not much attended to; thus, portraying the present studies as one of the pioneering original studies in these water bodies. Incidentally, these rivers, being not highly torrentially rheophilic as in high gradent zones, do not, much depict typical torrential rheophilic features like falls and cascades as microhabitats and bedrocks and boulders as substrata as found in the rivers in the high and steep mountain zones. To the contrary, the microhabitat in the studied rivers mostly consist of run-sheet with mainly laminar flow of water and occasionally with rifles and pools, while the substratum consists mainly of fines with only occasional cobbles and gravels.

As such, highly torrential rheophilic fish species are usually not much found here; except, maybe sometimes accidental occurrences. In this connection, the accidental occurrence of Psammogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837) is highly noteworthy. As per information available in the online sources, this fish species is said to generally inhabit inter-tidal areas, estuaries, lagoons and coastal rivers. However, it is said to penetrate occasionally into lower reaches of freshwater lotic water bodies. The riverine distance from sea meeting point of River Feni to Char Kalidas (meeting point of River Muhuri with River Feni) is 40 km (apprx); and the riverine distance from Char Kalidas to Maitree bridge around Sabrum town is 44 km (aaprox). These are some of the significant aspects to be taken into consideration for discussion of issues like the fish movement, etc. Thereofore, the total riverine distance from the meeting point of River Feni with the sea upto our sampling point around Maitree bridge (adjecent to Sabrum town) is 84 km approx.Therefore, it is quite probable for a small number of the fish Psammogobius biocellata to accidentally travel a riverine distance of c 84km to reach our sampling point around Sabrum town from the estuary. As such, the penetration of Psammogobius biocellata into lower reaches of River Feni upto around Sabrum town (along the Indo-Bangladesh International border) could be said to be an accidental occurrence of the fish.

Notwithstanding the above, Bailey, R.G [113] had worked on the fishes of River Nile in the Republic of Congo. Further, Bailey [114], had also worked on the changes in the Fish and Fisheries Ecology of a large man-masde lake in Tanzania. Bailey and Hickley [115], had reported on a recent collection of Nothobranchius virgatus Chambers, a new killifish from southern Sudan. Didem et.al [116] had published a New Reccord of occurrence of Symphodus bailloni (Osteichthuyes: Perciformes: Labridae) in the Western Black Sea Cooast of Turkey. Further, Kullander, Sven O and Ralf Britz [117], had published record of a new species of cyprinid fish from Myanmar. In addition, Kevin W. Conway and Maurice Kottelat [118], had reported a new species of Psilorhynchus from the Ataran River Basin in Myanmar, with comments on the generic name Psilorhynchoides. Moreover, Wikramanayake, and Moyle [119] had worked on the ecological structure of Tropical Fish Assemblages in wet-zone streams of Sri Lanka.

Concomitant to above, Aafke M. Schipper and Valerio Barbarossa [120], had dealt with Global congruence of riverine fish species richness and human Presence. Armbruster JW, Werneke DC, Tan M [121], had described three new species of saddled loricariid catishes along with a review of Hemiancistrus, Peckoltia, and allied genera (Siluriformes). Azadi, Mohammad Ali and Arshad-Ul-Alam, Mohammad [122], described the Ichthyofauna of the River Halda in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Batuwita Acharige and Sudesh Greshana [123] did a taxonomic Study on the South Asian Cyprinid genera Horadandia and Rasboroides (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae: Danioninae); as well as the Evaluation of the Present Distribution Pattern of Rasboroides vaterifloris pallidus in Gin river [124-136].

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• Research Article
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Material and Methods
• Observations
• Discussion
• Acknowledgement:
• References

Acknowledgement

The author expresses his heartfelt gratitude to the Zoologiocal Survey of India at Shillong for their help in the identification of fish specimens.

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• Research Article
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Material and Methods
• Observations
• Discussion
• Acknowledgement:
• References

References

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