Research Article

Is There Any Effect of Using Excessive Perfumes in Absence or Presence of Blood in Urine?

Muhammad Imran Qadir, Rida Riaz*

Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan

Submission: July 17, 2019;Published: September 13, 2019

*Corresponding author: Rida Riaz, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Pakistan

How to cite this article: Muhammad Imran Qadir, Rida Riaz. Is There Any Effect of Using Excessive Perfumes in Absence or Presence of Blood in Urine?. J of Pharmacol & Clin Res. 2019; 8(1): 555728. DOI: 10.19080/JPCR.2019.08.555728

Abstract

Odors are volatile chemical compounds that are responsible for producing pleasant or unpleasant smells. In order to recognize the smell, there are olfactory receptors present as nerves. They effectively recognize and differentiate different kinds of scents. Blood in urine, the hematuria, is a condition when there is blood in urine due to some severe or mild conditions. Blood exudes about from kidney and urinary tract. Urinalysis was done to check if the blood is present in the urine of those people who excessively use perfume. Results showed that as the people who use excessive perfume and who do not have almost same values so, there is no effect of using excessive scent on blood in urine.

Keywords: Blood in urine; Olfactory receptors; Pyelonephritis; Volatilized; Olfactory nerves; Aerobic exercise; Hematuria; Symptom; Hematuria; Urobilinogen

Introduction

The low concentration of some chemical compounds that can be volatilized are the fundamental source of producing any sort of odor which can be perceived by the human as an odor by using sense of smell. Odor can be both the unpleasant one and the pleasant one and also commonly referred as smell or scent. Olfactory nerves are responsible for the judgment of sense of smell. In the olfactory epithelium there are neurons also known as the olfactory receptors (OR) which is in turn present at the back of our nasal cavity and is composed of small parts of tissues [1]. These receptors or the neurons are used as the signaling cells and are million in number. These neurons have cilia which show movement and are in direct contact with the air. If there is any odorous molecule present in air interact with cilia that act as the stimulus which in turn send signals to our brain. These signals are carried towards brain via the axons of these olfactory nerves [2]. Blood in urine is a condition typically known as hematuria which might be harmful or in some cases can’t be harmful. In hematuria, the blood is being produced either by the kidneys or by the urinary tract. There are many reasons for the cells to secrete blood in urine one of the potential reasons is the infection in the urinary tract, while the other reasons are kidney infection usually known as pyelonephritis, kidney stone or the bladder stone, prostate enlargement, other kidney diseases and injuries, cancer, some inherited causes and the medications. There is another risk factor involved rarely is strenuous exercise of which causes are unknown while it may be due to the bladder trauma and breakdown or the dehydration of the red blood cells due to aerobic exercise. Due to the presences of red blood cells in gross hematuria the color changes to pink or red. In most of the cases the hematuria is the first and main symptom or an indication for the bladder cancer [3].

Material and Method

To check the relation between the excessive use of scents or perfumes on different parameters as blood in urine, we done urinalysis, a test in which concentration of different chemicals in urine is measured. For carrying out the test following procedure was carried out [4].

Sampling

Random sampling was done to check how frequent the blood is present in urine when people are habitual of using excessive amount of scents. Samples of urine were collected from 100 individuals by using clean catch urine sampling, a technique in which the sample is collected without any external bacterial contamination. Cleaning wipes were used to clean the area around urethra to avoid contamination. Then urinating in plastic cups without touching the internal surface of cup as, there is possibility that germs from hand may get stick on it. Then covered it with the lid and transferred to lab for further analysis to be done on it.

Dip stick test

In this method of urine test the stick was used that was prepared by coating or by dipping in different chemicals. Then this specially treated stick was dipped into the urine samples that were previously collected. After dipping the stick in urine sample the presence of substances was checked by detecting the change in color of that stick. The substances that were checked are blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, specific gravity, pH etc. But the substance to our major concern is blood in urine. So, we moved on with the results for the presence of blood in urine [5].

Visual examination

Visual examination can be done as by checking if there is any clouded appearance that is an indication of infection. Abnormal odor and the changed color are also visually checked. These all come under the visual examination. The substance of our concern to be checked can be visually detected. As, if there is reddish or brownish color of urine then the blood is present in urine that may be due to any other mild to serious condition but we are correlating it here with our concerned variable that is excessive use of scents or perfumes.

Results

Results were assembled of all samples collected for carrying out the urinalysis. As the samples were taken randomly so there is no limitation for age, race etc. But one parameter of concern was gender. As, samples were collected from both males and females so, we take into account the both. We compiled up the results separately.

Results for showing the relation between blood in urine and excessive use of perfume are shown in Table 1,2.

Ratio of males and females who use excessive perfumes (yes) shown by blue color, who do not use excessive perfumes (no) shown by red color in Figure 1.

Conclusion

As the individual who use perfumes or scents in excess and those who do not use them excessively have almost same results for blood in urine. Almost all results were negative in both cases which showed that there is no any overwhelming effect of this (using perfumes) on the presence or absence of blood in urine.

References

1. Aglioti SM, Pazzaglia M (2011) Sounds and scents in (social) action. Trends in cognitive sciences 15: 47-55.
2. Axel R (2005) Scents and sensibility: a molecular logic of olfactory perception (Nobel lecture). Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44: 6110-6127.
3. Elkins HB, Pagnotto LD, Smith HL (1974) Concentration adjustments in urinalysis. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 35: 559-565.
4. Gitlow SE, Ornstein L, Mendlowitz M, Khassis S, Kruk E (1960) A simple colorimetric urine test for pheochromocytoma. Am J Med 28: 921-926.
5. Simerville JA, Maxted WC, Pahira J J (2005) Urinalysis: a comprehensive review. Am Fam Physician. 71: 1153-1162.