Non-Destructive Control of a Hydraulic Hammer Piston, Designed for Geological Exploration Activities
Kamelia Kalchevska*
Institute of metal science, equipment and technologies with hydro and aerodynamics center, Bulgaria
Submitted: November 10, 2021; Published: November 23, 2021
*Corresponding author: Kamelia Kalchevska, Institute of metal science, equipment and technologies with hydro and aerodynamics center, Acad Angel Balevski, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
How to cite this article: Kamelia K. Non-Destructive Control of a Hydraulic Hammer Piston, Designed for Geological Exploration Activities. JOJ Material Sci. 2021; 6(4): 555694. DOI:10.19080/JOJMS.2021.06.555694
Abstract
The piston part provided to us by the Bulgarian company to clarify the reason for its breakage.
Keywords: Steels; Non-destructive testing; Macrostructure
Standards used in Peer Review
a) BS EN 13018:2016 Non-destructive testing. Visual testing. General principles Released: 2016-02-29
b) BS EN 13927:2003 Non-destructive testing. Visual testing. Equipment, 2003
c) BS ISO 5579:2013 Non-destructive testing - Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or gamma rays - Basic rules
d) ISO 3452-1:2013 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles
e) ISO 3452-2:2013(en) Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials
f) BS EN 10228-2:2016 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings. Penetrant testing
g) ISO 23277:2015 Non-destructive testing of welds - Penetrant testing- Acceptance levels
h) ISO 10675-1:2016 Non-destructive testing of welds - Acceptance levels for radiographic testing - Part 1: Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
i) EN ISO 17637:2016 Non-destructive testing of welds - Visual testing of fusion-welded joints
j) EN 1371-2:2015 Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2: Investment castings.
Test Method
Visual inspection according to standards [1,2]. No defects in the base metal, as well as surface staining are observed.
Material - after the spectral analysis it was found that the sample is made of steel type 40Ch2N2MA. Analog to DIN 1.6565 40NiCrMo 6. Analog: Japanese brand JAPAN JIS No. G 4103 steel grade SNCM8 of type.
The rolled product made of the above-mentioned material with ф160mm and in the range of 100 ÷ 400 mm is with subsequent heat treatment of the forging-hardening 850oС in oil and annealing at 610oС, which allows a part made with additional machining to be loaded to energy impact 5120 J according to the provided documentation (Figures 1 & 2).
After the performed radiographic control according to the current standards BDS EN ISO [3] and [4], Figures 3 & 4 show the found inadmissible pores and voids A> 10%.
Conclusion
The FUROKAWA FXJ 275 hydraulic hammer part was broken due to the large number of cracks inside the forging, as well as pores and cracks at two diametrically opposite ends, leading to the formation and development of a highway crack [5-9] (Figure 5).
Acknowledgement
Kamelia Kalchevska Assoc Prof PhD, PT, RT, VT, Expert in X-ray flaw detection at the Institute of Metallurgy, Equipment and Technologies with the Center for Hydro- and Aerodynamics “Acad Angel Balevski”. All equipment and experimental units used in this work were funded by the European Regional Development Fund within the OP “Science and Education for Smart Growth 2014 - 2020”, project CoE “National center of mechatronics and clean technologies”, No. BG05M2OP001-1.001-0008-C08.
References
- BDS EN 13018-03 Visual inspection. General.
- BDS EN 13927-03 Visual inspection. Requirements.
- BDS EN ISO 5579 (2013) Non-destructive testing - Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film by X - ray and gamma radiation. Basic rules.
- BDS EN ISO 10675-1 (2017) Non-destructive testing of welded joints. Reception levels in radiographic testing. Non-destructive testing of welded joints.
- BDS EN ISO 3452-1 (2013) Non-destructive testing (control). Penetration test. Part 1: General principles.
- BDS EN ISO3452-2 (2013) Non-destructive testing (control). Penetration test. Part 2: Testing of test materials with permeable liquids.
- BDS ISO 10228-2 (2016) Testing (control) without destruction of steel forgings. Part 2: Penetration test.
- BDS EN ISO 23277 (2015) Testing with penetrating liquids. Acceptance levels.
- BDS EN ISO 17637 (2016) Visual testing of welded joints.