Forensic Examination of Denomination of Indian Currency of Rs. 2000: An Instrumental Analysis (Docubox HD)
Sneha Prasad1, Tamanna Jaitly1, Sarita Sharma2 and Vinay Aseri3*
1Department of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University (NICFS), Delhi, India
2Senior Scientific Assistant, Forensic Science Laboratory, Rohini, Delhi, India
3Department of Forensic Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Submission:December 21, 2023;Published:March 15, 2023
*Corresponding author:Vinay Aseri, Department of Forensic Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
How to cite this article:Sneha Prasad, Tamanna Jaitly, Sarita Sharma and Vinay Aseri. Forensic Examination of Denomination of Indian Currency of Rs. 2000: An Instrumental Analysis (Docubox HD). J Forensic Sci & Criminal Inves. 2023; 17(1): 555954 DOI:10.19080/JFSCI.2023.17.555954.
Abstract
We have studied various security features of higher denominations of Indian currency (Rs 2000), including the detailed examination of the new Mahatma Gandhi series and the identification of the counterfeit banknotes using the security features present in each denomination. Since cases of counterfeit currency notes employing sophisticated printers are on the rise, forensic document examiners are frequently questioned about the authenticity of paper money. All security features cannot be examined under the conventional instruments and thus do not give the required results. To establish the same, the most advanced instruments like Docubox HD have been used to accomplish the aim.
In this paper, most of the security features present in the denominations have been presented. This helps differentiate genuine notes from fake ones. Most often, ultraviolet, regular, transmitted, and oblique light are used when examined. Several security features were discovered, including fluorescence, watermarks, micro text, security threads, latent images, optical fibers, omron features, identification mark, inset letters, angular bleed lines and intaglios. Different ranges of wavelength present in the instrument showed differences in the appearance of the fluorescent feature. To prevent counterfeiting, Indian currency also has a number of security features that are periodically updated and improved by the Reserve Bank of India.
Keywords: Counterfeit; Docubox HD; Examination; Fluorescence; Authenticity
Introduction
Currency is a widely acknowledged form of money, including coins and paper notes, that is issued by a government and circulated throughout an economy as a means of exchange for goods and services. The majority of countries have assigned central bank’s authority for issuing national currency. The Indian rupee (sign: ₹;INR) is the official currency of the Republic of India. The Reserve Bank of India oversees currency issuance [1]. Security elements on a banknote are mostly found on the paper, design, and printing process. Various additional security elements are periodically implemented to make counterfeiting more challenging [2]. All banks have received a master circular from the RBI regarding the identification and impoundment of counterfeit notes ,feeding ATMs prior to issuing over counters India’s legal framework for counterfeiting Section 28 of Indian Penal Code describes “counterfeiting” while the punishment for the mentioned offence is stated in Section 489 (A), (B), (C) and (E) mentioning imprisonment for 10 years along with charging of fine. It is deemed as a “non-Ba liable, Cognizable Offence” and triable by the Court of Session [3,4].
Material and Methods
The research work is based on the spectral analysis of the Indian currency notes. For the following work Indian currency notes of 2000 and 500 are taken. The security features were examined under the following instruments:
Docubox HD
The procedure is followed for Docubox HD also describe the material and method properly in a paragraph and after that describe instruments handling this research (Table 1,2).
Examination Under Docubox HD
Denomination – 2000
Security Features of Indian Currency Notes
Watermark (Figure 1)
Watermark and electrotype watermark given figure shows the watermark and an electrotype mark in 2000 rupee.
Electrotype watermark (Figure 2,3)
Security Thread (Figure 4-11)
See Through Register (Figure 12,13)
It denotes the denomination numeral 2000 (in 2000 bank note) when seen through different angle. This feature is present on both sides of the currency note.
Optical Security Fibres
Genuine paper currency notes contain three different coloured optical fibres: yellow, blue, and red. Under ultraviolet light, these tiny fibres can be seen on both sides of the note (Figure 14).
For Visually Impaired:- The following features have been mentioned.
Intaglio Printing
The image of Mahatma Gandhi, the Reserve Bank seal, the guarantee and promise clause, the Ashoka Pillar emblem, the governor’s signature on the RBI, and the identifying mark for people who are blind are all printed in an upgraded intaglio manner with a raised printing. By lightly rubbing the note’s obverse side with finger, we may feel this style of printing (Figure 15).
Identification mark
This feature is present on the lower right side on the obverse side and above the image of As the National Emblem. The identification mark is different for every denomination. For Rs. 2000 we have a rectangle shape (Figure 16).
Angular Bleed Lines
This feature is present on both the sides of the currency note of the obverse side in form of number of horizontal lines. In 2000 bank note there are 7 angular bleed lines (Figure 17).
Language Panel
The language panel appears on the reverse side of the bank note displaying the denomination in 15 different languages plus 2 more language including english and hindi (Figure 18).
Swachh Bharat Mission logo
Bank notes of new Mahatma Gandhi series includes the logo of Swachh Bharat Mission along with its logo “One step towards cleanliness” in Hindi (ek kadam swachhta ki orr) on the bottom left of the reverse side of the bank note (Figure 19).
Micro lettering
(Figure 20)
Omron Features
Small circle like designs are present (Figure 21-23)
Number Panel
Number panel present on both top right and lower left corner of the banknote gives fluorescence under UV source. The number panels of the banknotes are printed in fluorescent ink. The banknotes also have dual-coloured optical fibres. Both can be seen when the banknotes are exposed to ultra-violet lamp (Figure 24,25).
Result and Discussion
The major concern in the result of instrumental analysis working, and analysis of currency features and clearly visual and identifies the watermarks and the other security features with the help of docubox HD instruments, the systematically approach was defined only is the focus security features analysis, the security features was mentioned in the various type of colors and properties the mentioned the Omron features and micro printing and watermarks. Different type of ranges of docubox is examines the currency and listing of ranges.
Conclusion
In this review, we have proposed a framework for Indian money note order in view of section as well as fake confirmation. Our proposed framework can distinguish the division of the money note with a precision of 98.50%. The Multiscale Template Matching framework for money fake recognition has its limits. It can distinguish the security highlights from the front picture of the money note. We plan to remember the other side highlights for fake identification for what’s to come. mentioned all features characteristics in the review and major concern in future aspect is counterfeiting things.
References
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