Prospective Use RDF-Raw Materials in Agricultural Technologies and Rubble Concrete
Epifanсev K*
St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Russia
Submission: March 01, 2019; Published: May 24, 2019
*Corresponding author: Epifanсev K, St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, St. Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya, Russia
How to cite this article: Epifanсev K. Prospective Use RDF-Raw Materials in Agricultural Technologies and Rubble Concrete. Insights Min Sci technol. 2019; 1(1): 555552. DOI: 10.19080/IMST.2019.01.555552
Abstract
In St. Petersburg and the adjacent territory of the Leningrad region there are about 250 unauthorized dumps, which are placed, according to very rough estimates, from 500 thousand to 1 million cubic meters of garbage. A distinctive feature of illegal dumps is the high concentration of heavy and rare metals in the garbage. The article discusses the possibility of using aerobic waste composting as a fertilizer for soil and a solid building material, or alternative solid binder, highly abrasive granules. The applied research methods suggest that RDF wastes are commercialized and have the prospect of becoming a separate innovative product.
Materials and Methods
Alternative fuel RDF (refuse derived fuel) or solid secondary fuel is a fuel derived from waste. The composition of RDF includes high-calorie waste components such as plastic, paper, cardboard, textiles, rubber, leather, wood, etc. (Figure 1).
The developed model of the extruder (Figure 1), included a feed hopper 1, building 2, screw 4, interchangeable dies 5, and the incoming particles 3, simulating the particles of peat. The presentation of the material was carried out uniformly, sufficiently for the molding material [1]. It was decided to investigate the granule obtained from RDF-raw materials for uniaxial compression [2]. Press Tinius Olsen is designed to study the breaking point of the pellet and determine the limits of its destruction. At this stage, it was the main equipment for determining the destruction of the granules with the potential use of it later as an additive in building structures. Before starting work, the granules were separated from the composition of the filling formed inside the extruder (Figure 2). Thus, the limit of destruction of the sample came at 4788 N, which proves its use as a reinforcing material. The test schedule is shown in the figure below (Figure 3). So for example, if a batch of brick M100 in strength, the compression ratio should be at least 100 kg / cm2, brick brand M-250 is able to withstand 250 kg, in our case with waste when exposed to the heel of the press on the destroyed sample before its complete destruction was the limit of 500 kg, therefore the sample is strong enough [3,4].
Preparation of Blends and Formulations
To assess the possibility of using RDF-raw materials as fertilizer, an experiment was conducted on the pH variation of acidity and evaluation of the germination of shoots of grass “shadow”,which was added in an amount of 7 g in each container (Table 1), with the resulting mixture and germinated for 10 days (Table 1) (Figures 4-5).
In consultation with the administration of MPBO-2 “Yanino №2 in the person of the chief Engineer, where it was taken RDFraw materials for experiments, it was found that its reserves in the tails of 50 000 tons [5]. During the work the company was doing some attempts of companies to take part in this compost (RDF) for use as fertilizer, however, was complaints about the lack of recommendations for doses of 1 ton of soil for a flowerbed plants and fruit plants. The second observation was related to the smell of decomposing compost, which is a restriction on the storage of RDF raw materials near public places. It to fight these 2 comments were sent 4 of the research works [6,7].
pH Measurement Component and Moisture in the Mortgaged Samples
After 10 days, pH analyzer and moisture meter were used to measure these indicators in each of the 6 containers (Table 2), and the germination of lawn grass “shadow” was evaluated (Figure 6 & Table 2). So, based on the results of measurements, we construct a histogram of the dependence of humidity and pH-acidity on the formulation [7] (Figures 7-9).
Thus, the area of convergence of the grass «shadow» optimal was 2 and 3 formulation, optimal humidity and pH-5 formulation, height of shoots-2, 4 and 5 For most parameters are not applicable for agriculture (ornamental plants) 2 formulation. The root effect is the selected ratio of humidity to pH 3.5 to 8. On fecundity influenced acidity. At “ pH “ equal to seven, the reaction of the solution is neutral (the number of H+ ions and IT is the same), if the value is below seven, then the soil is acidic, if above seven, then alkaline [7]. The medium in the 3rd formulation was alkaline, but this did not prevent to give high rates of convergence and length of sprouts. Added peat to the mixture increased acidity, and in turn sawdust neutralized harmful impurities of silicates in the form of fine dust of glass, which abounds in RDF raw materials. Also 2 of the formulation ratios of the composition of RDF to sawdust 50 to 50. The worst recognized 6 formulation, it has a maximum ratio of RDF in relation to sawdust and peat.
Conclusion
As a result of the experiments, the limiting threshold values for the creation of products from waste were found out. Thus, the chain of Waste processing landfill is realized-research laboratory of new composite materials GUAP-Buyer (enterprise). The main result is the creation of trade turnover in the environment of waste processing and environmental protection of urban areas [8-9]. The development of products for the cluster of fertilizers and reinforcing materials is being implemented in parallel in the form of a pilot project at the IBO-2 “Yanino”. Economic benefits in cheap materials that can be sold at a lower cost, unloading the territory of the BCH from the accumulated waste of biothermal composting [10-13].
As a result of the software product of the field experiments on the extruder MN-4, tinius Olsen press, it became possible to prove the applicability of aerobic composting products for processing in screw machines with appropriate automated control. The possibilities of their applicability as a building material (hardness up to 500 kg/cm2). In experiments with formulations of soil for germination of grass “shadow” turned 2 the optimum formulation, at the optimum moisture content and the pH 4 formulation, at the lowest odor thresholds of 1 and 2 recipe. For most parameters are most applicable for agriculture (ornamental plants) 2 and 3 formulation.
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