Bio-augmentation: A Fantabulous Technology in Waste Water Treatment
*Maulin P Shah and Hiral Borasiya
Division of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Enviro Technology Ltd, India
Submission: January 27, 2017; Published: January 30, 2017
*Corresponding author: Maulin P Shah, Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Division of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, Enviro Technology Limited, Maharashtra, India
How to cite this article: Maulin P S, Hiral B. Bio-augmentation: A Fantabulous Technology in Waste Water Treatment. Int J Environ Sci Nat Res.2017;1(3): 555565. DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2017.01.555565
Short Communication
Biological additives (the technology of adding choosed strains / mixed culture in a reactor for wastewater treatment, in order to increase the catabolism of certain compounds, such refractory organic or total COD / BOD / NH4-N) is a promising method for solving practical problems in the installation of industrial wastewater plant treatment or waste water treatment, as well as to enhance the efficiency of removal. The possibility of these options can now be augmented in demand to take benefit of significant progress in the field of molecular microbial ecology, molecular genetics, immobilization techniques and developed bioreactor design. The goal was to increase includes goals, such as:
a) Increase the compactness of desirable bacteria
b) Achieves certain operating target, such as the breakdown of multifaceted organic compounds
c) Increases the overall organic removal and
d) Recovering from a twisted in a biological system for processing.
Many operators of industrial waste water in precisely are countenanced with difficult business conditions and the rigorous exoneration permits that defy the ability of their wastewater treatment. Under these circumstances bio augmentation can be money-spinning, interim or intermediate -term resolution to maintain compliance of effluent to change the system and / or plant upgrades can be carried out. In other cases, bio augmentation can be time consuming, cost- effective solution for the lack of capital assets and the cost of upgrading a system that often requires the spread of biological purification procedure including the expensive installation of supplementary aeration (oxygen production) capacity. In the aerobic biological behaviour routine facultative aerobic bacteria uses oxygen decomposition of organic compounds, pH, mixed liquor suspended solids, dissolved oxygen concentration, sludge age, food for microorganisms’ ratio and the level of nutrients are some of the serious parameters that conclude successful process of biological systems.
Traditionally, the method control is focused on the scrutinizing and organizes of these parameters with a little awareness, a casual glance behind mixed liquor volatile suspended solids under a microscope, because of the nature and composition of microorganisms. The biomass in the biological reactor workers in the system for waste water treatment. Biomass is still in turmoil, with different micro-organisms are dying while erstwhile are growing and becoming more and more dominant. Under unpleasant or traumatic environment, such as excessive load of COD, toxicity, high or low temperature, variable pH, low DO and precise bacterial populations can be trim down or eradicated causing poor effluent quality. Under these traumatic conditions biological systems can be very sluggish to recuperate.
Bio augmentation is designed to address the problem of slow recovery of biomass and amendments reduced or lost bacterial population. The prevailing belief is that, over time, lasting, effective fully customize ideal microorganisms will fill the system with activated sludge. This tactic presuppose that the aboriginal or breathing bacterial population is established via routes such as rainwater, windblown solid and the plant influent stream will continuously contain the best most optimized microorganisms. In reality, although the inborn microorganism inhabitants can develop in an acceptable performance of biomass, there may be restrictions on equipment that can be overcome only through the introduction of superior strains of specially cultivated microorganisms. In the biological reactor industrial sewage treatment plant can expect to find numerous strains of bacteria. This bacterial diversity is required, because some types of bacteria break down the various compounds more efficiently than others. These bacteria are generally well suited for the treatment of pollutants in waste water, and to adapt, over time, to ensure a sufficient degree of processing, assuming that to achieve steady state drive. But hardly any industrial wastewater approaches ever achieve stationary conditions.
The spirit and symphony of industrial waste streams often change. Variations in the composition of waste water can be owed to changes in production plans, chemical spill out in the manufacturing of plant or mechanical predicament with the equipment. Because of the diversity, many industrial systems for facilities for wastewater treatment have a biological population that is not the optimal number or requires bacterial diversity. The increase in bio film, cultured bacteria used to improve performance of existing microbial populations with microbes that have larger and more robust, skills.
Cultured bacteria isolated from environmental samples were choose by usual techniques enrichment. Grown bacteria grown on nutrient-rich medium containing a precise organic element as a sole carbon and energy source or as a sole source of nitrogen (on bacteria grown initiate or improve nitrification). Bacteria that can cope with fairly high concentrations of target chemicals selected. The selected bacterial species grown in large fomenters, and then concentrated in a centrifuge. The bacteria are then maintained by drying. Bacteria are competent to endure tremendous environmental restrictions, including organic overload, complex, refractory or difficult to access degrade organic, swings in the temperature of waste water, pH extremes, low levels of oxygen dissolved, threshold nutrients and direct toxicity.
Typical bio augmentation creation consist of a mixture of numerous strains of microbes usually bacteria or fungi. The microbes are isolated from environment and are not hereditarily amended in any way. They were plumped on the basis of rapid replication rates and their aptitude to execute certain tasks. The manufactured goods are sold in diverse forms, with a dry microorganism in the bran carter and liquid products, which are the two mainly frequent. Cultured bacteria grown to degrade heavy, complex, biodegradable substances. Bacteria and their enzyme co ordinations are effective in degrading greater choice of substrate (measured by chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and or total organic carbon) common bacteria activated sludge, bacteria are cultured unique skills that will facilitate them to subsist and stay active in the severe environmental and operating conditions, which are not submitted, as well as other bacteria.
Cultured bacteria can imaginatively mortify rapidly degrade the chemical oxygen demand and COD difficult to degrade. Adult bacteria can more effectively compete for accessible nutrients and DO (dissolve oxygen) in the waste water from active or native bacterial populations and fibrous microorganisms. Conceivably further decisively, bio-reduction products can be utilized to take care of a variety of toxic waste. Examples of industrial waste containing toxic or inhibitors can be treated by a cascade of increasing products include synthetic and naturally occurring organic chemicals and compounds.
Many devices for the treatment of waste water have to deal with the augmented flows and extra multifaceted waste streams, marking and exceed the capacity of a biological coordination. It can detriment millions in assets to promote and swell the system. By increasing the number of microbial diversity through bio augmentation, noteworthy enhancements in the reduction of COD can be accomplished. An imperative footstep in biological wastewater treatment is to remove solids, usually by sedimentation MLSS in the secondary clarifier. Bacteria make, and conceal natural biopolymers which help in solving the configuration of corpulent, denser, flock particles. Too inhibitory compounds, too much food or directly toxic shocks biological coordination will consequence in bacterial populations with little secretion of biopolymers, widespread formation of herds and bad qualities of the village. The efficacy of addition of the organic polymer or inorganic coagulant such deposition aids are repeatedly diminished when the stress due to the congestion of the bacterial population and / or the existence of inhibitory complexes. System inoculation of microorganisms are known to be resistant to the formation of an excellent toxicity and herds, the polymer may be required to reduce, and its effectiveness in helping to solve the sediment remains high. By adding selected bacteria, low levels of a certain compound can be obtained from the sludge biological treatment systems, which cannot be indigenous or existing microbial populations.
Many industrial plants waste water have difficulty in achieving nitrification because of design limitations, stressful conditions such as variable pH, inhibit or toxic shock. Regularly adding nitrifying bacteria, appropriate bacterial population necessary to remove the ammonia can be maintained. Other areas where bio increasing be useful to include a reduction in removing odours, oils and fats, start-up fast system and improved tolerance to toxic shock. There are several different approaches that can be taken in implementing the program was reinforcing.
Some plants wastewater simply add one pound of insects living in their biological reactor and will, based on the experience of operators, increase the amount of (5, 10 or more pounds per day), if there is a significant increase in the COD of waste water when there is no corresponding reduction in the concentration mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), or biological reactor to reduce the residence time. Daily Appendix reduction was base products "maintenance" doses used for healthy biological system, regardless of the variations in the waste water to be treated. When it was before was increasing, more formal or mathematical approach can be taken in response to the correction of biological system works poorly. In this case, the bacterial culture is added in a treatment unit higher dose followed by a lower dose which may be maintained until the effluent quality improved. If used introductory dose is typically ≥3 ppm to 5 ppm or more, and may be administered for 3-5 days before the dosing speed reduction. In most cases, the dosage is about ≤1.8 ppm, and can be administered daily, weekly or as required.
Two approaches are presented to calculate the dosing rate was amplification. The first method is conventional, simple approach, which is based on the use of the flow of the effluent of the biological system. Another approach is based on the addition amount of biomass is already in use bioreactor volume of the bioreactor (aeration tank) as the basis for determining the amount of insects added. These calculations are applicable to all aerobic biological treatment systems. Some additional time will be spent here detailed calculations of the dose rate, because there is little information available on how to do it. Surprisingly, even the makers of cultured bacteria provide little insight on the use of its biological products increase. With the implementation of the program was reinforcement cannot overdose, no matter how you add bugs. Instead, the more bugs you add, the sooner you will see the positive, good results in the quality of the effluent.
The primary problem with the price of a drug overdose. It was not cheap to increase efforts to control costs is always a concern. A secondary problem is that it was increasing overdose usually results in the need for increasing the conditions consumes sludge in a bioreactor and to improve COD removal increases. Increasing loss of sludge and is associated with increasing sludge disposal is another increase in the cost of the treatment plant.
Efficiency bio augmentation program can be resolved by the subsequent course of an action:
a. Follow concentration of MLSS per day, further if possible the MLVSS strength in order to better show the change in the extent of microbes in the bioreactor.
b. Performing a general microscopic investigation each day to examine alters in the microbes in the MLSS.
c. Measure the inlet and outlet of the CCP from the biological reactor and compute the percent elimination of looking for a permanent increase in rates of removal of COD.
d. Determine TSS and / or turbidity of the supernatant into a settled mixed liquor suspended solid sample, after completion of 30 minutes (settling time), monitor the progress of this value.
e. Based on the volume of settled sludge in a sample MLSS to the usual thirty minutes, using one litre settle meter, calculate the SVI. In order to fit best on the uppermost superiority of turbidity in the clarifier overflow we are looking for svi ≤160 ml / g.