Radio-Iodine Conjugated (Linked) to Chemotherapy or Targeted Medication: Any Place in the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Omar Ramadan*
Department of ENT, Paterson NJ, USA
Submission: March 31, 2017; Published: April 06, 2017
*Corresponding author: Omar Ramadan, Independent researcher, ENT registrar, Paterson NJ, USA
How to cite this article: Omar R. Radio-Iodine Conjugated (Linked) to Chemotherapy or Targeted Medication: Any Place in the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers. Glob J Oto 2017; 6(2): 555685 DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2017.06.555685
Letter to Editor
The thyroid gland is composed primary of follicular cells, C cells, and the necessary supporting stroma. The follicular cells have a property of taking up iodine in order to synthesize it into thyroid hormone and finally releasing the hormone in the blood in response to TSH. These follicular cells may develop into differentiated thyroid cancer and are the chief focus of this article. Most thyroid malignancies are differentiated thyroid cancers of follicular cell origin. Differentiated thyroid cancers can be divided into papillary, follicular and hurthle cell types. Differentiated thyroid cancers have typically iodine affinity and can be managed with radioiodine. In most patients, radioiodine treatment is conducted for ablation of residual thyroid tumor, and in these patients we should use the minimum possible dose, also an Adjuvant therapy can be done to decrease the risk of recurrence. In other hand,patients with advanced metastatic disease may need the maximum-tolerated dose.Recent researches have focused on better patient selection and reduced radioiodine doses for remnant ablation [1].
There are many outgoing targeted therapeutic approaches in patients who are appeared to have iodine-refractory disease; some of them used targeted therapeutics alone or in combination with radioiodine. Sorafenib and lenvatinib, small-molecule multikinase inhibitors, were all approved for the treatment of progressive, symptomatic, radioactive iodine refractory, advanced differentiated thyroid cancer [2]. Also there are numerous articles taking about (Antibody Drug Conjugates) as antibodies carrying cytotoxic drugs. [3-6]. Riva et al. [6] try to treat metastatic colorectal cancer by means of specific monoclonal antibodies conjugated with iodine-131. Two out of 15 evaluable patients achieved complete remission, 2 partial remission with a response rate of 26.6% and the disease stayed stable in 3 patients.
But what if we use iodine (radioactive or normal) as a carrier or a guide for the cytotoxic drugs in thyroid cancers. The iodine will carry the chemotherapeutic or targeted medication to accumulate mainly in the malignant thyroid tissue, then radioiodine and the chemotherapeutic or targeted medication will kill specifically the malignant thyroid tumor, by this way we are going to synergetic the effect of radioiodine and we are going to decrease the dosage of chemotherapeutic or targeted medication so we are decreasing the toxicity and side effects [7]. We can also use this method in multiple kinds of tumors, just be selection the appropriate carrier that accumulate naturally in the malignant tissue and linked it with chemotherapeutics or targeted therapy. This is a novel therapy that needs multiple researches by pharmacologists to find that linked-medication, and multiple clinical trials by physicians to find if this medication may help in the management of thyroid cancers especially radioresistance cases.
References
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- Riva P, Marangolo M, Tison V, Armaroli L, Moscatelli G, et al. (1991) Treatment of metastatic colorectalcancer by means of specific monoclonal antibodies conjugated with iodine-131: a phase II study. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 18(1): 109-119.