Journal of Otolaryngology | Open Access Journals

Review Article

Minimum Invasive Surgery -A Conceptual Study of Sushrutacharya in Otorhinolaryngology

Gangaprasad A Waghmare*

K G Mittal Ayurved College, India

Submission: December 17, 2016; Published: December 30, 2016

*Corresponding author: Gangaprasad A Waghmare, K G Mittal Ayurved College, Charni road, Mumbai-02, Tel:+919096566633, Tel: 4199416723 Email:drgw007@gmail.com

How to cite this article: Gangaprasad A W. Minimum Invasive Surgery -A Conceptual Study of Sushrutacharya in Otorhinolaryngology. Glob J Oto 2016; 3(1): 555601. DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2016.03.555601

Abstract

Minimum invasive surgery is becoming more and more common in hospitals today. These procedures are performed through tiny incisions instead of large openings. Because the incisions are small, patients tend to have quicker recovery times and less discomfort than with conventional surgery - all with the same benefits.

This word seems to be novel word in ayurveda it is technological advancement over the traditionally used surgical procedures. In ayurveda the pioneer of surgery “Sushrutacharya” has told many minimum invasive procedures like kshar karma, Agni karma etc. Sushruta called “Anushastra” to the instruments which being used for Minimum invasive surgery. Today’s Minimum invasive surgery is nothing but the technological advancement of “Anushstra” which was told by Sushrutacharya Thousand year before in Ayurveda Text.

Keywords: Minimum invasive surgery; Kshar karma; Agni karma; Sushrutacharya; Anushastra; Ayurveda

Introduction

Otorhinolaryngology has always strive to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of managing afflicted organ by developing technically and conceptually new and advanced treatment techniques. The Endeavor to develop methods with minimized patient discomfort during interventional surgery in the head and neck region was an essential motive which gave rise to the discipline of ENT Medicine [1-3]. Since fairly recently, the term “Minimum invasive surgery” (MIS) has been come firmly established in the domain of surgery. The possibilities of replacing a substantial number of routine operations by endoscopic procedures with low level of discomfort for the patient and shorter period of hospitalization has given the term “Minimally invasive” even further wide ranging significance. This word may seem to be novel word in ayurveda. It is a technological advancement over the traditionally used surgical procedures. The utility involves use of incisions of smaller size and fewer numbers and use of special equipment’s that could be used for carrying out microsurgery.

Sushruta has always emphasized upon correctly locating the vital points of body i.e Marma; before any surgical procedure. The minimum invasive term is used for both diagnostic purpose and for invasive therapeutic purpose [4,5]. In ENT diseases many diagnostic procedures required invasive process to give correct diagnosis. In minimally invasive therapeutic procedures we do that for minimum blood loss, minimum intra-operative procedure time, and good exposure of diseased part and for less post operative hospital time eg. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Discussion

In Otorhinolayngology all the operative parts must be invade through a small aperture like nostrils, ear canal and through throat. Development of micro surgical instruments like micro-scissors, micro-forceps,micro-scalpels has been a wonderful development in conducting “minimum invasive surgery”(MIS).Sushrutacharya called these small invasive instruments as “Anushastra”. Acharyasushruta, the pioneer of Indian surgery also had in his mind all the above mentioned advantages for treating the number of surgical problems by minimally invasion [6,7].

Anushastra: (Micro surgical instruments) Ref.su.su 8/15

tvakasara
sphatika
kacha
kuruvinda
jalauka
agni
kshara
nakha
leaves of goji
leaves of sephalika
leaves of saka
karira
bala
anguli

Shrunga
Alabu
Jalauka

Raktamokshana as minimally invasive surgical procedure can be applied in many diseases in Otorhinolaryngology [10].

Jivharoga- sublingual vein
Galagand- femoral vein
Taluroga - on inner aspect of cheek
Kasa- medial cubital vein
Karnaroga- vein on mastoid process
Nasaroga- vein on tip of nose
Shiroroga- frontal or temporal vein

Conclusion

It is up to physician and surgeon of all the system to appreciate the scientificity of this branch of surgical technique; if it is taken up as a specialized system of treatment, one can achieve the best possible result with simple or no effort as the basic ancient surgery is dependent on ashtavidha shastrakarma (Eight types of surgery). Anushastra are more comfortably used to do these ashtavidha shastrakarma (Eight types of surgery) in otorhinolaryngology. Keeping all these in mind, sushrutacharya had lay foundation in the field of surgery to do a number of technique, devices and instrument which causes minimal pain, minimal injury and minimal post-operative period.