Research Article

Social research used the systematic reviews and for emphasizing the use of the non-randomized designs. In social sciences trials with a indicative population may be considered more favorable than laboratory studies because of their ecological validity [22]. It is a random allocation to contemplation condition in social science experiments. The medical literature generally combines the laboratory trials, randomized designs and non-randomized designs [1,23]. And various sampling technique use such as non-random sampling and lack of treatment integrity introduce alternate explanations for treatment effect used in randomized trials [22,24,25]. Some authors work in a validity of research question [26]. Social researchers have developed detailed method for the purpose of concern in systematic review [27].

Issue 3: Suitability for effect of result

Systematic review furnishes the solution of contrasting measure use in every field like political science use popular authority used a very specific deterministic approach. As illustration most questions arise in the consideration of proceeding review of [28]. Some authors provide a reported solution used as a Statistics tool for different items while the other authors worked in a Statistical tool as jointly scale [29].

Issue 4: Finding the reporting in the reference of primary studies

The various journals use the unpublished thesis and use the distinct report for the evaluation purpose. Many statistical studies provide the solution of center of attention in the terms of the level of significance while in further studies we used the descriptive statistics to emphasize the report of the results. The various author pioneer work in the field of meta-analysis used in the systematic review of published research data [30]. The various reporting exists the solution for the randomized controlled trials.

Issue 5: Antecedent of heterogeneity

The fundamental research question arises in social science research as well life science research how the impact of an individual treatment for instance if we have a university-based study in the reference of drug prevention program different for colleges in reference to the income such as high-income region and low-income region. In this situation Meta- analysis provides a solution to examine the response of these questions by contrast of treatment of results across a different source of study. The various authors recognition the problems in many disciplines embrace the social sciences like [31], epidemiology [32] and ecology. In meta-analysis a very deliberate issue in reference to heterogeneity to determine the various effect size of the study. In meta- analysis we use the term standard regression, in this phenomenon we use the predictor variable and referred as “Confounded”. The term confounded is appropriate the following conversation specifically investigation-level characteristics that very scientifically use to some degrees are considered “confounded” [31]. In meta-analysis used the perception tool such as meta regression tools and prepared the meta- regression plot may be useful in attempting to estimate the confounding. In present phenomena the various complex and statistically opportunity options include network meta-analysis [33] Bayesian meta-analysis [34], and individual level data meta-analysis [35].

Methods

This investigation adopted an unadorned systematic assessment protocol. During the pandemic it has been an essential antecedent advice and accommodate many of the most recent estimates for epidemiological facts about the covid-19. The inclusion criteria for the studies were referencing the Covid-19 or the Sars-cov-2. Commenced an estimated population contagion destructiveness rate. Titles and abstracts were abandoned for acceptability and elimination if did not appropriate the inclusion criteria. If these messed the inclusion criteria, they were indicate the systematic review and meta -analysis. Estimates for contagion destructiveness rate and the confidence interval were concentrate for each study. All analysis and data conversion were execute in CMA. Sensitivity analysis were execute the stratum the results into description of study-serological vs non - by country and the month of calculation. In research to investigate the publication bias we use the funnel plot. An individual analysis was conducted using only survey results to investigate the stratification to determine the risk of bias.

Discussion

As pandemic covid-19 situation progresses it is very important to use the various indicator data sources when reporting the figures of the infection mortality rate. In general, some countries start the enhancing screening and surveillance and observe the increase in positive cases. That are the asymptotic and mild enough that they have so far avoided testing [36]. It has been concern that covid-19 is often spread from symptomatic cases. generally, up to 50% of all patients- and transmission may also be possible with covid-19 [37,38]. The main finding of the research is that there is very high heterogeneity. One reason that may the outcome of the government report with more prepared country suffering from the lower death rate those have efficient resources to combat a large outbreak. [39]. Some included studies [4,40] compared infection fatality rate (Table 1 & 2).

In this study we have the 92 study and find out the tau squared value is 96.719 and the standard error 0.189 and the p value is 0.000 which is less than the value is 0.05 than we can say that the result is significant, and it is true for evidence-based medicine than the pooled estimate is performed by the comprehensive meta-analysis software tool. In the fixed model we the single value lie between the range classified as lower limit 0.021 and upper limit 0.022. and the random model we find out the confidence interval lies between the 0.017 and the 0.022. And then the perform the various study of the states and in the study is 36 and find the tau squared value is 99.898. and the confidence interval between the value for random model is 0.008 and 0.010 and the value for the fixed model are 0.012 and 0.012. and the p value is less than 0.05 than we can say that the result is true for effective medicine. And the results are true for evidence -based medicine. And we find out the standard error is 0.074. In this study we have find out the graph shows the starting variability increasing and then the variability decreasing (Table 3 & 4 & 5) (Figure 1 & 2).

Interpretation

In meta-analysis the effect size is about contrasting studies and then amalgamate all the studies into a separate exploration. We acquisition that Q is very broad it measures the larger deviation across countries. As I2 is major origin which informs that the expanse of heterogeneity, hence for broad I2 give voice to distinguished than 25% then the meta-analysis should not explode the integrate combined effect size as meaningful. In this investigation we make the hypothesis that in selected countries the incorporate effect is not significant. We find the z value is -411,822 and the value of p is <0.00. Now we contrast the value of 95% CI or 0.05 level of significance. The result value is less than 0.05. So, we can say that combined effect is significant, now it is referred to as derived pooled estimate as an approach to true effect size. Tau (T) is a beneficial to extent the dispersion. The 95% prediction interval gives the range in which the point estimate of 95% of future studies will fall under the assumption that the true effect size is normally distributed [41].

Conclusion

The paper has epitomize enlightenment of an extensive assortment the origin of sources on how to trade in with four issues that may be come up against in systematic reviews and meta-analysis of appeal in social science research. A numerous literature provided from statistics, ecology, psychology, epidemiology has assemble a set of expedients for demonstration of researchers who may be focused these issues on the process of covenant their own systematic review and meta-analysis. Various disciplines include the members of advisory group ensure that the address of reviewers. The advisory group proposes every phase of research, specifically the review question help in methodological methods and the decision making. Experienced reviewers demonstrate the one or more issues that provide the solution of unpredictable with the current method. This paper provides the intentional as expedient research of the covid-19 disease.

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