Research Article

Mouse Tumor Necrosis Using Photodynamic Therapy

Necla Kenar¹ and Hyun Soo Lim^2,3*

¹Department of Physics, Science and Arts Faculty, Kocaeli University, Turkey

²Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya University, Turkey

³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Korea

Submission: March 08, 2017; Published: March 31, 2017

*Corresponding author: Hyun Soo Lim, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus 54187 Serdivan/Sakarya, Turkey, Tel: 0 (264) 295 7204; Email: hyunlim@sakarya.edu.tr

How to cite this article: Necla K , Hyun S L.Mouse Tumor Necrosis Using Photodynamic Therapy. J Tumor Med Prev. 2017; 1(1): 555552. DOI: 10.19080/JTMP.2017.01.555552

Abstract

Background and aims: To investigate the efficacy of 630nm and 650nm light sources and compare to both light source for photodynamic therapy effects after treatment.

Material and methods: In the experimental method, we divided the mice into two control and test group which HepG2 and HeLa cell line induced cancer mass in mice. Photofrin was administered to the tumor-bearing mouse, followed 30 hours later by 630nm and 650nm laser light exposure. After photodynamic therapy, we analyzed the two mice group for the tumor mass size, tumor growth, tumor cell necrosis, pathological anatomy change.

Results: Experimental results show that tumor cell necrosis was shown in the tissue which the reduced size of tumor and tumor cell necrotic change according to the irradiation time and light dose amount.

Conclusion: The considerable difference, however, between the 630nm and 650nm wavelengths was not found for the tumor cell necrotic change and other damage of normal tissue was not found.

Keywords: Photodynamic Therapy; Tumor growth; Necrosis; Irradiation Time; Light dose 630nm and 650nm light sources

Introduction

Photodynamic therapy works through the combination of light absorbing compounds and activating light, one of the major challenges of cancer therapy is to preferentially destroy malignant cells while limiting systemic toxicity and sparing the normal tissue. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs drugs that localize to malignant tumors, as well as to certain other tissues. These drugs show no general toxicity and are only cytotoxic upon activation with specific wavelengths of light. The proper selection of drug (photosensitizers), interval between drug injection, and photo activation (pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics), drug dose, light dose, light-dose rate and field of illumination can result in good antitumor efficacy and selectivity. PDT light absorbing molecules (photo sensitizers) become cyto toxic upon illumination, but are relatively innocuous in the absence of light. Upon illumination the photo sensitizers undergo oxygen dependent photochemical reactions which lead to cyto toxicity at the site of photo sensitizer localization and illumination. Selectively is obtained by a moderates therapeutic ratio of photo sensitizer localization between tumor and normal tissue and by light treatment targeted preferentially to the tumor. The present study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 630nm and 650nm light source and compared to both light source for photodynamic therapy effects for the before and after of treatment. Statistical analysis of the rate of tumor response, histological change, according to the amount of light and irradiation time was performed. Result has shown that both light source did produce a greater rate of tumor response after PDT. Histological and molecular analysis of the mice tumor demonstrated that similar results were obtained when both the 630nm and 650nm semiconductor laser were used as activating light sources.

Materials and Methods

Instrumentation of PDT laser

A block diagram of developed portable PDT laser system is presented in (Figure 1). We have developed a sufficiently precise and reliable technique. Controlled high power radiation of a laser system can be employed for a photodynamic therapy of abdominal cavity, intra-tissue and surface tumor. (Figure 2) shows the developed PDT laser system. This system is equipped with a set of fiber-optic catheters for difference localizations,including lungs, stomach, bladder, mammary glard etc. The radiation method employed in this system is CW, Pulse and Burst Pulse for optical for PDT. The maximum radiation power achieved at the output of the optical unit of the laser system is 2W. The system allows the radiation power to be controlled are the required irradiation time to be set. The irradiation dose is calculated automatically. The system is base on a large service lifetime and compact.

The procedure of experimentation is shown in (Figure 3). We divided the mice into two control and test group which the Hep G2 and Hela cell line induced cancer mass in mice and applied the 630nm and 650nm laser system after 30hours of injection of photo frin into the mice. After photodynamic therapy we analyzed the two mice group for the tumor mass size, tumor cell necrosis , pathological anotomy change.

Results

(Table 1) shows the absorption coefficient comparison between normal tissue and tumor according to wavelengths of 630nm and 650nm using the spectroscopy. There is a little value of coefficient for both wavelengths and a little difference of coefficient can be predicated the same effects of PDT which both wavelengths are 630nm and 650nm (Table 2-5).

After one week for injection of cancer cell line, it begins to observe the tumor growth and we found the tumor mass mice after 2 weeks. There is no mice of death or abnormal after an intravenous injection of drug and the drugs show no general toxicity for the mice group. In every ease photo sensitizer (drug) was injected intravenously 30 hours before applied irradiation of laser for the 630nmand 650nm each 20mW and 40mW during 5 minutes and 10 minutes (Figure 4-11). After treatment of PDT, tumor necrosis and the reduced size mass was observed.

Discussion

We have performed the photodynamic therapy for the two mice group and analyzed the tumor mass size, tumor growth, tumor cell necrosis, pathological anatomy change. Experimental results show that tumor cell necrosis was shown in the tissue which the reduced size of tumor and tumor cell necrotic change according to the irradiation time and light dose amount. The considerable difference, however, between the 630nm and 650nm wavelengths was not found for the tumor cell necrotic change and other damage of normal tissue was not found.

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