Results of the Initial Diagnosis to Improve the Turns in the Rhythmic Gym Athletes, Category 10-12 Years
Lidaysy Molina Torres*, Yudisvel Pérez Echarte and Bárbara López Mendoza
Department of Sports Education, University of Camaguey, Cuba
Submission: Novembers 01, 2019; Published:November 12, 2019
*Corresponding author:Lidaysy Molina Torres, University of Camaguey, Department of Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Culture, Cuba
How to cite this article:Lidaysy Molina Torres, Yudisvel Pérez Echarte, Bárbara López Mendoza. Results of the Initial Diagnosis to Improve the Turns in the Rhythmic Gym Athletes, Category 10-12 Years. J Phy Fit Treatment & Sports. 2019; 7(2): 555707. DOI: 10.19080/JPFMTS.2019.07.555707
Summary
The work titled results of the initial diagnosis to improve the turns in the athletes of Rhythmic Gymnastics, category 10-12 years of the province Camagüey is developed in the period between September 2018 and June 2019; 9 trainers were chosen who show deficiencies during the training of the turns, inadequately manifesting the application of the requirements of the competition system in the face of difficulty exercises to comply with it through both individual and joint selections. To carry out the research successfully, the conceptual theoretical framework based on the contents of the turns is formed, which is part of the body technique, aspects of the choreography, the balance as a fundamental part of the preparation of the turns, the characteristics of girls of this level, programs, call and score code; A variety of scientific methods were used, with emphasis on documentary review, observation, measurement and survey. A diagnosis was applied that allowed to verify the existing deficiencies from theory and practice.
Keywords:Rhythmic gymnastics; Exercises; Turns; Trainers; Athletes
Introduction
The sports training at present, demands of a greater preparation of the specialists in charge of the formation of the athletes that transit through the stage of initial basic formation, reason why the search of new methods, procedures and forms is necessary to achieve the preparation necessary for the athlete we want to train, it brings as a consequence greater use of the scientific method in order to improve the preparation of sports.
In this sense, the provincial commission of Rhythmic Gymnastics raises among the technological demands, the need to overcome the trainers of the province of Camagüey and specifically the improvement of the sports practice in athletes of the category 10-12 years, being a series of limitations related to the technical preparation of the turns. Thus, when analyzing the punctuation code described by the international federation Rhythmic gymnastics referring to the turns, it sets the criteria to develop the value of the turns and describes the requirements to increase the base value of the turn, however no methodological orientations are evidenced to make it. In observations made to athletes in training and competitions, survey of coaches, interview judges and referees it was found that:
a) Limited use of the guidelines described in the punctuation code during the application of the contents for the development of the turns in the Gymnasts of the province of Camagüey.
b) It is not evident in the Comprehensive Athlete Preparation Program how to develop the contents of the preparation from the guidelines described in the scoring code.
c) Insufficient mastery of the trainers on the requirements for the application of the scoring code during the training of the turns.
For what is assumed as a Problem Situation: inadequacies in the level of methodological preparation for the training of the turns in gymnasts of the category 10-12 years, of the Camagüey province, given the demands of the competition system.
Scientific problem
How to contribute to the overcoming of the trainers for the training of the turns, given the demands of the competition system in the 10-12 year Rhythmic Gymnastics category, of the Camagüey province?
Research object
The training process in Rhythmic Gymnastics.
Objective
To elaborate a strategy of overcoming for the training of the turns in the gymnasts of the category 10-12 years, of the Camagüey province, given the demands of the competition system.
Field of action
The methodological preparation of the Rhythmic Gymnastics trainers, in relation to the training of the turns, category 10-12 years, of the Camagüey province.
Scientific questions
a) What are the theoretical methodological foundations that underpin the training of turns in Rhythmic Gymnastics?
b) What is the current status of the turns in the athletes of the 10-12 year Rhythmic Gymnastics category of the Camagüey municipality?
c) What are the phases and actions that will shape the overcoming strategy, considering the demands of the competition system and the individual characteristics of the athletes?
d) What is the criterion of the specialists on the elaboration of a strategy of overcoming for the training of the turns in the athletes of the category 10-12 years, of Rhythmic Gymnastics of the municipality of Camagüey?
Scientific tasks
a) Analysis of the theoretical methodological foundations that support the training of the turns in Rhythmic Gymnastics.
b) Diagnosis of the current state of the turns in the athletes of the category 10-12 years of Rhythmic Gymnastics of the Camagüey municipality.
c) Determination of the phases and actions that will shape the overcoming strategy, considering the requirements of the competition system and the individual characteristics of the athletes.
d) Theoretical assessment of the specialists on the elaboration of a strategy of overcoming for the training of the turns in the athletes of the category 10-12 years, of Rhythmic Gymnastics of the municipality of Camagüey.
To fulfill the tasks that from different directions and points of view contribute to the achievement of the central objective, methods of the theoretical and empirical level of scientific research were selected, in addition to the purpose of processing the data obtained, mathematical and statistical methods were used, among Those found:
Methods and procedures used
Theorists
Analysis-synthesis
It allowed to make an assessment on the current training of gymnasts, category 10-12 years, considering the requirements of the competition system and determine the actions to improve the methodological procedure of the trainers.
Historical-logical
It was used in the analysis and evolution of the different conceptions related to the development of the turns.
Inductive-deductive
It facilitated the reasoning about the problem seen from the particular to the general (inductive) and made it possible to establish generalizations, going from the general to the particular (deductive). Empirical.
Documentary review
To the documents of the entity to see the documentation related to the subject addressed, program of preparation of the athlete of rhythmic gymnastics, as well as planning documents to be prepared by the teacher and choreographer
Observation
To verify in practice the performance of the teachers during the technical preparation for the work of the turns in this category and to know the current state of the girls of 10-12 years who practice rhythmic gymnastics on the fulfillment of this technical difficulty.
Survey technique
In order to determine the knowledge that the trainers have about the training of the turns, in the category 10-12 years, of the Camagüey province.
Measurement
It allowed to develop the evaluation of the turns in the athletes under investigation, during the diagnostic phase.
Mathematical and statistical methods
These served as the basis for the processing of the data obtained through the application of the programmed investigative instruments. For this purpose, the percentage calculation was selected.
Population and sample
The research was carried out with a population formed by 9 Rhythmic Gymnastics trainers in charge of preparing athletes in the Camagüey province.
Results of the Initial Diagnosis
Observation results
The data that we obtained after applying the observation guide to different training sessions with the objective of knowing the methodology used by the coaches and the deficiencies that the athletes manifest during the technical execution of the turns, were the following: It was found that there are problems in the technical execution of the turns, essentially in indicators 2, 4, 5 & 6, (movement of the head, location and correct posture when performing the execution, heel lift and loss of the equilibrium during execution) because of the three observations made, the indicators behaved 100% if this was not fulfilled. There are indicators where there is a lower percentage, among them are 1 (P.I phase of impulse of the leg and arms) & 2 (movement of the head.) Which does not mean that there are no difficulties in them. In indicators 3, 7, 8 & 9 (speed in execution, jumps during execution, displacement during execution and spatial orientation) had a considerably high percentage, the causes of low results in the selections may be found here and sets, for loss of this difficulty.
In this way, the trainers do not evaluate the individualized work, since they do not verify the effective repetitions of the turns, which negatively affects their fulfillment through the different selections.
Survey results
In order to know the criteria related to the preparation exercises for the turns taught at the age of 9 in Rhythmic Gymnastics, we conducted a survey of the coaches and choreographers of this sport in the municipality of Camagüey.
a) In question 1, 100% of the trainers agree that the existing document is the Athlete Preparation Program (PPD) of Rhythmic Gymnastics, not specific how the work of the turns should be performed, in addition to no viable exercises for its developing.
b) In question 2, 100% of the trainers surveyed consider it necessary to adapt some exercises, since in the PPD there is only the difficulty that must be carried out, since the methodology to be used does not appear, nor other elements that can contribute to compliance with difficulties that appear in the PPD and in the punctuation code.
c) In question 3, 2 of the 9 coaches responded that sometimes they work on exercises to improve the technical execution of the turns and the rest are done according to their planning, despite the importance this has for the success of the selection, for 13.3%.
d) In question 4, the coaches agree that work is used as a medium in the bar (1st and 2nd phase), in the center and with competitive instruments, for 100%.
e) In question 5, both agree that the most frequent errors are the elevation of the heel, the loss of balance during execution and the non-consummation of the degrees of rotation to complete the difficulty, for 100%.
f) In question 6, the coaches attach vital importance to the need to have other exercises to improve the compliance of the turns at these ages, which represents 100%.In general, the trainers surveyed of Rhythmic Gymnastics of Camagüey attach great importance to the fulfillment of the turns for the realization of the selections and sets, sometimes they work differentiated exercises and use them for the improvement of this element, although these are very poor for this category. Their answers do not coincide in question 3, as some think that the turns should be worked at times or when they play according to their planning, that indicates that the trainers have no knowledge about the real work that this implies [1-10].
Conclusion
a) The theoretical budgets that support the research allowed establishing the methodological bases for the development of the overcoming strategy, to improve the training of the turns in the athletes of the studied category.
b) The diagnosis made reflects that the greatest difficulties are in the elevation of the heel and the loss of balance during the technical execution, while the fulfillment of the technical difficulties required by the program and scoring code is not evidenced.
c) It is considered necessary to develop an overcoming strategy that provides actions, contents, methods and procedures that, together with the methodological indications oriented, contribute to eradicate the deficiencies detected during the training of the turns
Annexes
Observation guide
Objective: To diagnose the fundamental technical errors and the fulfillment of the technical difficulties on the body element of the turns made by the athletes.
Coach & choreography survey
Coaching companion or choreographer, it is proposed that you fill out the following questionnaire, about the drafts, because the results that you throw will be reversed in the training of the 9-year category.
Objective: to know your criteria, related to the exercises of preparation for the turns that are taught at the age of 9 years in Rhythmic Gymnastics.
Indicate with an x or argue accordingly
1. There is a guide, booklet, or manual that guides the preparation of the turns so that the girls improve their technique in training classes and comply with their difficulty in the competitions.
Yes ___ No ___ Argument: -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- -------------------------------------------------.
2. Do you think it is necessary that some elements be adapted for this preparation so that the girls of this sport and category have better results and capture these elements with greater quality?
Yes ___ No ___ Justify --------------------------------------------- ----- --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------------- -.
3. Do you do exercises to improve the turns during every week?
Yes____ No_____ Sometimes___
4. Mark with an x the means you use in training to deliver the spins.
a-Work on the floor ___ b- On the 1st and 2nd phase bar ___ c- In the center___
e- Simple turns with instruments ___ f- More complex turns with instruments___
h- Difficulty turns without and with instruments ___ h- Others___
5. Do you know the technical part that presents the most errors in the turns for the fulfillment of the difficult exercises of the same?
Yes ___ No ___ Express it ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___.
6. Would it be useful to have other exercises to improve the fulfillment of the turns?
If not_____
References
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