Abstract

Objective: This study was aimed at assessing tumor size changes following neoadjuvant therapy in patients with oligometastatic esophageal cancer.
Materials and methods: Patients with a diagnosis of oligometastatic esophageal cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy as part of their management strategy were included. Tumor sizes were acquired from radiological assessments and corroborated through independent imaging review by experienced clinicians. Comparative analysis of tumor burden was conducted by evaluating size changes between baseline and post-neoadjuvant therapy imaging studies.
Results: Post-treatment imaging revealed a measurable reduction in tumor size, and imaging-based response played a pivotal role in determining subsequent treatment pathways. The multidisciplinary team utilized imaging response in conjunction with endoscopic reassessment and clinical performance status to guide post-neoadjuvant decision-making.
Conclusion: Neoadjuvant therapy offers a valuable strategy for managing oligometastatic esophageal cancer by decreasing tumor burden and increasing the potential for curative interventions. Accurate and thorough imaging evaluation remains essential to inform multidisciplinary treatment planning and support individualized care decisions. Continued research is needed to refine therapeutic approaches and incorporate evolving systemic and local modalities into a more personalized treatment paradigm.

Keywords:Esophageal Cancer; Oligometastasis; Neoadjuvant Treatment

Abbreviations: SBRT: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy; IGRT: Image-Guided Radiotherapy; ART: Adaptive Radiotherapy

Introduction

Esophageal cancer constitutes a significant global health burden, with a high mortality rate owing to its aggressive nature and frequent late-stage diagnosis [1-7]. Although localized esophageal cancer can often be treated effectively with esophagectomy or definitive chemoradiation, the prognosis substantially worsens once metastatic disease develops [2-7]. Within metastatic esophageal cancer, the subset of patients with oligometastatic disease-commonly defined as having five or fewer metastatic lesions-has recently gained attention as a clinically distinct group that might derive benefit from more aggressive multimodal therapies [2–7].

Oligometastatic esophageal cancer represents an intermediate disease state between localized and widespread metastatic disease, characterized by limited metastatic tumor burden that could be amenable to curative-intent approaches [2-7]. Recent advances in systemic treatments, including platinum-based chemotherapies, targeted agents such as HER2-directed therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have transformed the treatment landscape for esophageal cancer [2-7]. These therapies have demonstrated potential not only in controlling metastatic disease but also as neoadjuvant options to downstage tumors before definitive local treatments such as surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy [2-7].

Neoadjuvant therapy in oligometastatic esophageal cancer may provide multiple clinical benefits: reducing primary and metastatic tumor volume to facilitate subsequent resection or ablation, eradicating micrometastatic disease, and improving local and systemic disease control, which may ultimately translate into improved survival outcomes. Additionally, response to neoadjuvant treatment offers prognostic insights and helps tailor individualized treatment strategies.

From a different standpoint, advances in radiotherapy modalities-such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), and adaptive radiotherapy (ART)-have opened new therapeutic avenues for delivering highprecision, ablative doses to oligometastatic lesions with limited toxicity, and have expanded indications to cover several tumor sites throughout the human body [8–106]. These technologies complement systemic and surgical approaches within a multidisciplinary framework to maximize patient benefit.

Despite these advances, assessment of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer remains challenging due to the tumor’s variable biological behavior and complex radiographic presentation. Standard response criteria like RECIST may not fully reflect the pathological and immunological changes induced by novel therapies, highlighting the need for comprehensive and multimodal evaluation strategies. This study was aimed at assessing tumor size changes following neoadjuvant therapy in patients with oligometastatic esophageal cancer.

Materials and Methods

This study involves patients with a diagnosis of oligometastatic esophageal cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy as part of their management strategy. Patients had histologically confirmed esophageal carcinoma with a limited number of metastatic lesions (typically ≤5), administration of neoadjuvant therapy, and the availability of both pre-treatment and post-treatment imaging suitable for evaluation. Tumor sizes were acquired from radiological assessments and corroborated through independent imaging review by experienced clinicians.

Comparative analysis of tumor burden was conducted by evaluating size changes between baseline and post-neoadjuvant therapy imaging studies. Therapeutic planning following neoadjuvant therapy was guided by an interdisciplinary tumor board. Management decisions incorporated imaging-based response, clinical parameters, and anatomical considerations relevant to resection or local control.

Results

Patients with oligometastatic esophageal cancer were included in the analysis. All patients received neoadjuvant therapy. Pre-treatment imaging identified oligometastatic disease characterized by a limited number of lesions (range: 1–5), most frequently involving the liver, lung, and non-regional lymph nodes. Baseline tumor measurements were recorded from crosssectional imaging in all patients, and follow-up imaging was performed after neoadjuvant therapy.

Post-treatment imaging revealed a measurable reduction in tumor size, and imaging-based response played a pivotal role in determining subsequent treatment pathways. No patients experienced unexpected toxicity precluding follow-up imaging or definitive treatment. The multidisciplinary team utilized imaging response in conjunction with endoscopic reassessment and clinical performance status to guide post-neoadjuvant decisionmaking.

Discussion

Esophageal cancer remains a formidable malignancy with poor outcomes once metastatic disease develops [1–7]. Oligometastatic esophageal cancer, defined by limited metastatic burden, presents a unique clinical subset wherein aggressive multimodal treatment may improve outcomes [2-7]. This concept challenges the traditional dichotomy between localized and wide metastatic disease and supports a tailored approach integrating systemic, surgical, and radiotherapeutic modalities. The advent of novel systemic therapies-such as platinum-based chemotherapy combinations, HER2-targeted agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors-has notably altered the treatment paradigm for metastatic esophageal cancer [2-7].

These therapies, when used in the neoadjuvant setting, have the potential to downstage both primary tumors and limited metastatic deposits, thereby increasing the likelihood of complete resection or local control. Neoadjuvant treatment in oligometastatic esophageal cancer serves multiple critical functions: reducing tumor size to facilitate surgical or ablative interventions, eradicating occult micrometastases, and potentially improving local and systemic control, which may contribute to prolonged survival. Importantly, tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy offers valuable prognostic information, aiding clinicians in stratifying patients and tailoring further treatments.

Radiotherapy innovations-including SBRT, IGRT, and ARTenable precise targeting of metastatic lesions with ablative doses, minimizing toxicity to adjacent structures such as the lungs, heart, and spinal cord [8-106]. These technologies are particularly advantageous in oligometastatic disease, where focal treatment of limited metastases can be curative or at least prolong disease control. The integration of advanced radiotherapy with systemic neoadjuvant therapy requires close multidisciplinary coordination to optimize sequencing and therapeutic synergy.

Despite these advances, accurately assessing tumor response remains a challenge due to the complex biology and imaging characteristics of esophageal cancer. While RECIST criteria provide a standardized method to quantify tumor size changes, they may not capture all clinically relevant responses, especially when immunotherapy-induced inflammatory changes or fibrosis are present. Incorporation of functional imaging modalities such as PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI, alongside volumetric and metabolic assessments, may improve response evaluation.

Neoadjuvant therapy offers a valuable strategy for managing oligometastatic esophageal cancer by decreasing tumor burden and increasing the potential for curative interventions. Accurate and thorough imaging evaluation remains essential to inform multidisciplinary treatment planning and support individualized care decisions. Continued research is needed to refine therapeutic approaches and incorporate evolving systemic and local modalities into a more personalized treatment paradigm.

Conflicts of Interest

There are no conflicts of interest and no acknowledgements.

References

1. Goetze TO, Al-Batran SE (2022) Perspectives on the Management of Oligometastatic Disease in Esophago-Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 14(21): 5200.
2. Matoska T, Banerjee A, Shreenivas A, Jurkowski L, Shukla ME, et al. (2023) Definitive Chemoradiation Associated with Improved Survival Outcomes in Patients with Synchronous Oligometastatic Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 15(9): 2523.
3. Hingorani M, Stubley H (2023) Management of Oligometastatic Disease in Esophagogastric Cancer: What Is the Evidence? Oncol Res Treat 46(7-8): 312-319.
4. Hingorani M, Stubley H (2024) Oligometastatic esophageal cancer cured by systemic therapy combined with radiotherapy to primary tumor and metastasis (metastasis-directed therapy)-small case series. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 5(4): 921-930.
5. Chiapponi C, Berlth F, Plum PS, Betzler C, Stippel DL, Popp F, Bruns CJ (2017) Oligometastatic Disease in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer - How to Proceed? Visc Med 33(1): 31-34.
6. Duan Y, Qin W, Yang L, Zou B, Qie W, et al. (2023) Safety and Efficacy of Concurrent or Sequential Radiotherapy Plus (PD-1) Inhibitors in Oligometastatic Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 15: 55-65.
7. Sudarshan M (2019) Locoregional and oligometastatic recurrence of esophageal cancer-what are the management strategies? J Thorac Dis 11(Suppl 13): S1643-S1645.
8. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2023) Adaptive radiation therapy (art) for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC): A dosimetric evaluation. Indian J Cancer 60(1): 140-147.
9. Gamsiz H, Sager O, Uysal B, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, et al. (2023) Outcomes of Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for pelvic lymph node recurrences after adjuvant or primary radiotherapy for prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 19(Suppl 2): S851-S856.
10. Uysal B, Gamsiz H, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, et al. (2022) Comparative outcomes of short-term and long-term fractionation with temozolomide in older glioblastoma patients: Single-center experience. J Cancer Res Ther 18(6): 1610-1615.
11. Gamsiz H, Sager O, Uysal B, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, et al. (2022) Active breathing control guided stereotactic body ablative radiotherapy for management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 85(3): 469-475.
12. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2022) Concise review of radiosurgery for contemporary management of pilocytic astrocytomas in children and adults. World J Exp Med 12(3): 36-43.
13. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, et al. (2022) Optimal timing of thoracic irradiation for limited stage small cell lung cancer: Current evidence and future prospects. World J Clin Oncol 13(2): 116-124.
14. Demiral S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2021) Evaluation of breathing-adapted radiation therapy for right-sided early stage breast cancer patients. Indian J Cancer 58(2): 195-200.
15. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2021) Omission of Radiation Therapy (RT) for Metaplastic Breast Cancer (MBC): A Review Article. International Journal of Research Studies in Medical and Health Sciences 6(1): 10-15.
16. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2021) Concise review of stereotactic irradiation for pediatric glial neoplasms: Current concepts and future directions. World J Methodol 11(3): 61-74.
17. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2020) Adaptive radiation therapy of breast cancer by repeated imaging during irradiation. World J Radiol 12(5): 68-75.
18. Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, et al. (2020) Multimodality management of cavernous sinus meningiomas with less extensive surgery followed by subsequent irradiation: Implications for an improved toxicity profile. J Surg Surgical Res 6: 056-061.
19. Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, et al. (2020) Single Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) versus Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy (FSRT) for Vestibular Schwannoma (VS). J Surg Surgical Res 6: 062-066.
20. Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Demiral S, Uysal B, et al. (2020) A Concise Review of Irradiation for Temporal Bone Chemodectomas (TBC). Arch Otolaryngol Rhinol 6: 016-020.
21. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2019) Utility of Molecular Imaging with 2-Deoxy-2-[Fluorine-18] Fluoro-DGlucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) for Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): A Radiation Oncology Perspective. Curr Radiopharm 12(1): 4-10.
22. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, et al. (2019) Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for locally recurrent brain metastases after failed stereotactic radiosurgery. Indian J Cancer 56(2): 151-156.
23. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2019) Breathing adapted radiation therapy for leukemia relapse in the breast: A case report. World J Clin Oncol 10(11): 369-374.
24. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Uysal B, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, et al. (2019) Evaluation of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) to the resection cavity after surgical resection of brain metastases: A single center experience. Indian J Cancer 56(3): 202-206.
25. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Uysal B, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, et al. (2018) Evaluation of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) by use of replanning the tumor bed boost with repeated computed tomography (CT) simulation after whole breast irradiation (WBI) for breast cancer patients having clinically evident seroma. Jpn J Radiol 36(6): 401-406.
26. Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2018) Contemporary Management of Meningiomas with Radiosurgery. Int J Radiol Imaging Technol 80: 187-190.
27. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Uysal B, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, et al. (2017) Splenic Irradiation: A Concise Review of the Literature. J App Hem Bl Tran 1: 101.
28. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2017) Radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma: A review article. Neurol Disord Therap 1: 1-5.
29. Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, et al. (2016) Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) for who grade I anterior clinoid meningiomas (ACM). Jpn J Radiol 34(11): 730-737.
30. Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, et al. (2015) Management of patients with recurrent glioblastoma using hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Tumori 101: 179-184.
31. Gamsiz H, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, et al. (2015) Evaluation of stereotactic body radiation therapy in the management of adrenal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Tumori 101(1): 98-103.
32. Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, et al. (2015) Adaptive splenic radiotherapy for symptomatic splenomegaly management in myeloproliferative disorders. Tumori 101(1): 84-90.
33. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2015) Stereotactic radiosurgery of glomus jugulare tumors: Current concepts, recent advances and future perspectives. CNS Oncol 4(2): 105-114.
34. Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2014) Evaluation of linear accelerator (LINAC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for cerebral cavernous malformations: A 15-year single-center experience. Ann Saudi Med 34(1): 54-58.
35. Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Gamsiz H, et al. (2014) Evaluation of Linear Accelerator (Linac)-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Srs) for the Treatment of Craniopharyngiomas. UHOD-Uluslararasi Hematoloji Onkoloji Dergisi 24(2): 123-129.
36. Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Gamsiz H, Demiral S, et al. (2014) Evaluation of linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of glomus jugulare tumors. Tumori 100(2): 184-188.
37. Ozsavaş EE, Telatar Z, Dirican B, Sager O, Beyzadeoğlu M (2014) Automatic segmentation of anatomical structures from CT scans of thorax for RTP. Comput Math Methods Med 2014: 472890.
38. Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Gamsiz H, et al. (2014) Evaluation of linear accelerator (linac)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (srs) for the treatment of craniopharyngiomas. UHOD - Uluslararasi Hematoloji-Onkoloji Dergisi 24: 123-129.
39. Gamsiz H, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, et al. (2014) Management of pulmonary oligometastases by stereotactic body radiotherapy. Tumori 100(2): 179-183.
40. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, Demiral S, et al. (2014) Management of patients with ≥ 4 brain metastases using stereotactic radiosurgery boost after whole brain irradiation. Tumori 100(3): 302-306.
41. Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Uysal B, et al. (2013) Management of vestibular schwannomas with linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery: a single center experience. Tumori 99(5): 617-622.
42. Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Uysal B, Demiral S, et al. (2013) Evaluation of linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of meningiomas: A single center experience. J BUON 18(3): 717-722.
43. Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Oysul K, Kahya YE, et al. (2013) Dosimetric evaluation of critical organs at risk in mastectomized left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy using breath-hold technique. Tumori 99(1): 76-82.
44. Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M, Uysal B, Oysul K, Kahya YE, et al. (2013) Evaluation of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost in the management of endometrial cancer. Neoplasma 60(3): 322-327.
45. Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Oysul K, Kahya YE, et al. (2012) Evaluation of active breathing control-moderate deep inspiration breath-hold in definitive non-small cell lung cancer radiotherapy. Neoplasma 59(3): 333-340.
46. Saǧer Ö, Dinçoǧlan F, Gamsiz H, Demiral S, Uysal B, et al. (2012) Evaluation of the impact of integrated [18f]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging on staging and radiotherapy treatment volume definition of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Gulhane Med J 54: 220-227.
47. Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Oysul K, Kahya YE, et al. (2012) The Role of Active Breathing Control-Moderate Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold (ABC-mDIBH) Usage in non-Mastectomized Left-sided Breast Cancer Radiotherapy: A Dosimetric Evaluation UHOD - Uluslararasi Hematoloji-Onkoloji Dergisi 22(3): 147-155.
48. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, Demiral S, et al. (2012) Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial tumors: A single center experience. Gulhane Med J 54: 190-198.
49. Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Oysul K, Sirin S et al. (2012) Image-guided positioning in intracranial non-invasive stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastasis. Tumori 98(5): 630-635.
50. Sirin S, Oysul K, Surenkok S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, et al. (2011) Linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery in recurrent glioblastoma: A single center experience. Vojnosanit Pregl 68(11): 961-966.
51. Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2024) Assessment of Changes in Tumor Size After Induction Systemic Therapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Running title: Tumor size changes in cervical carcinoma. Cancer Ther Oncol Int J 26(1): 556178.
52. Beyzadeoglu M, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O (2024) Reappraisal of Target Definition for Sacrococcygeal Chordoma: Comparative Assessment with Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 55(1): 46686-46692.
53. Dincolan F, Beyzadeoglu M, Demiral S, Sager O (2024) Appraisal of Changes in Tumor Volume after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Cancer Ther Oncol Int J 26(2): 556184.
54. Beyzadeoglu M, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O (2023) Evaluation of Target Definition for Radiotherapeutic Management of Recurrent Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 24(2): 556133.
55. Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2023) Reappraisal of Treatment Volume Determination for Recurrent Gastroesophageal Junction Carcinoma (GJC). Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 50(5): 42061-42066.
56. Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Sager O (2023) An Original Article Revisiting the Utility of Multimodality Imagıng For Refıned Target Volume Determinatıon of Recurrent Kidney Carcinoma. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 23(5): 556122.
57. Beyzadeoglu M, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O (2023) Appraisal of Target Definition for Recurrent Cancers of the Supralottic Larynx. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 50(5): 42131-42136.
58. Beyzadeoglu M, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O (2022) Assessment of Target Definition for Extramedullary Soft Tissue Plasmacytoma: Use of Multımodalıty Imaging for Improved Targetıng Accuracy. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 22(4): 556095.
59. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) Target Volume Determination for Recurrent Uterine Carcinosarcoma: An Original Research Article Revisiting the Utility of Multimodality Imaging. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 22(3): 556090.
60. Demiral S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) Reappraisal of Computed Tomography (CT) And Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Based Target Definition for Radiotherapeutic Management of Recurrent Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC): An Original Article. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 22(2): 556085.
61. Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) An Original Article for Assessment of Multimodality Imaging Based Precise Radiation Therapy (Rt) in the Management of Recurrent Pancreatic Cancers. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 22(1): 556078.
62. Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) Assessment of Target Volume Definition for Precise Radiotherapeutic Management of Locally Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancers: An Original Research Article. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 46(1): 37054-37059.
63. Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) Radiation Therapy (RT) Target Volume Determination for Locally Advanced Pyriform Sinus Carcinoma: An Original Research Article Revisiting the Role of Multimodality Imaging. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 45(1): 36155-36160.
64. Demiral S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) Improved Target Volume Definition for Radiotherapeutic Management of Parotid Gland Cancers by use of Multimodality Imaging: An Original Article. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 21(3): 556062.
65. Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F (2022) Reappraisal of multimodality imaging for improved Radiation Therapy (RT) target volume determination of recurrent Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): An original article. J Surg Surgical Res 8: 004-008.
66. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) Multimodality imaging-based treatment volume definition for recurrent Rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck region: An original article. J Surg Surgical Res 8(2): 013-018.
67. Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2022) Appraisal of Target Definition for Management of Paraspinal Ewing Tumors with Modern Radiation Therapy (RT): An Original Article. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 44(4): 35691-35696.
68. Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F (2022) Assessment of Target Volume Definition for Contemporary Radiotherapeutic Management of Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: An Original Article. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 44(5): 35883-35887.
69. Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Assessment of Multimodality Imaging for Target Definition of Intracranial Chondrosarcomas. Canc Therapy Oncol Int J 18(2): 001-005.
70. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Impact of Multimodality Imaging to Improve Radiation Therapy (RT) Target Volume Definition for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST). Biomed J Sci Tech Res 34: 26734-26738.
71. Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Multimodality Imaging Based Treatment Volume Definition for Reirradiation of Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Arch Can Res 9(1): 1-5.
72. Demiral S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Radiation Therapy (RT) Target Volume Definition for Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PPNET) by Use of Multimodality Imaging: An Original Article. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 34(4): 26970-26974.
73. Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Evaluation of Target Definition for Management of Myxoid Liposarcoma (MLS) with Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy (RT). Biomed J Sci Tech Res 33: 26171-26174.
74. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Radiation Therapy (RT) target determination for irradiation of bone metastases with soft tissue component: Impact of multimodality imaging. J Surg Surgical Res 7(1): 042-046.
75. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Evaluation of Changes in Tumor Volume Following Upfront Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Glob J Cancer Ther 7(1): 031-034.
76. Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Assessment of posterior fossa target definition by multimodality imaging for patients with medulloblastoma. J Surg Surgical Res 7: 037-041.
77. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2021) Assessment of the role of multimodality imaging for treatment volume definition of intracranial ependymal tumors: An original article. Glob J Cancer Ther 7(1): 043-045.
78. Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Sager O (2020) Target Volume Determination for Precise Radiation Therapy (RT) of Central Neurocytoma: An Original Article. International Journal of Research Studies in Medical and Health Sciences 5(3): 29-34.
79. Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Utility of Multimodality Imaging Based Target Volume Definition for Radiosurgery of Trigeminal Neuralgia: An Original Article. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 26(2): 19728-19732.
80. Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Sager O (2020) Assessment of Target Volume Definition for Radiosurgery of Atypical Meningiomas with Multimodality Imaging. Journal of Hematology and Oncology Research 3: 14-21.
81. Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M, Demiral S, Sager O (2020) Assessment of Treatment Volume Definition for Irradiation of Spinal Ependymomas: an Original Article. ARC Journal of Cancer Science 6(1): 1-6.
82. Sager O, Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Target Volume Definition for Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) Of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCMs). Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 15(4): 555917.
83. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Treatment Volume Determination for Irradiation of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Multimodality Imaging: An Original Article. ARC Journal of Cancer Science 6(2): 18-23.
84. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Assessment of Target Volume Definition for Irradiation of Hemangiopericytomas: An Original Article. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 17(2): 555959.
85. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Evaluation of Treatment Volume Determination for Irradiation of chordoma: an Original Article. International Journal of Research Studies in Medical and Health Sciences 5(10): 3-8.
86. Demiral S, Dincoglan F, Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Multimodality Imaging Based Target Definition of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Precise Limited Field Radiation Therapy (Lfrt) for Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (Nlphl). ARC Journal of Cancer Science 6(2): 06-11.
87. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Radiosurgery Treatment Volume Determination for Brain Lymphomas with and without Incorporation of Multimodality Imaging. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences 9: 2398-2404.
88. Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S (2020) Determination of Radiosurgery Treatment Volume for Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors (GCTS). Asian Journal of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences 8(3): 18-23.
89. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Target Definition of orbital Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Rms) by Multimodality Imaging: An Original Article. ARC Journal of Cancer Science 6(2): 12-17.
90. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2020) Evaluation of Target Volume Determination for Irradiatıon of Pilocytic Astrocytomas: An Original Article. ARC Journal of Cancer Science 6(1): 1-5.
91. Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Sager O (2020) Evaluation of Radiosurgery Target Volume Definition for Tectal Gliomas with Incorporation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An Original Article. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) 27: 20543-20547.
92. Beyzadeoglu M, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S (2019) Evaluation of Target Definition for Stereotactic Reirradiation of Recurrent Glioblastoma. Arch Can Res 7: 3.
93. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, et al. (2019) Evaluation of the Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) Definition for Radiation Treatment Planning (RTP) of Inoperable High-Grade Gliomas (HGGs). Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A.
94. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, et al. (2019) Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Imaging) in Target Volume Definition for Radiosurgery of Acoustic Neuromas. Int J Cancer Clin Res 6: 119.
95. Demiral S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2019) Assessment of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Based Radiosurgery Treatment Planning for Pituitary Adenomas. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 13(2): 555857.
96. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2019) Multimodality Imaging for Radiosurgical Management of Arteriovenous Malformations. Asian Journal of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences 7(1): 7-12.
97. Sager O, Dincoglan F, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2019) Evaluation of Radiosurgery Target Volume Determination for Meningiomas Based on Computed Tomography (CT) And Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Cancer Sci Res Open Access 5: 1-4.
98. Demiral S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Beyzadeoglu M (2019) Assessment of target definition based on Multimodality imaging for radiosurgical Management of glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs). Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 15(2): 555909.
99. Dincoglan F, Sager O, Demiral S, Beyzadeoglu M (2019) Incorporation of Multimodality Imaging in Radiosurgery Planning for Craniopharyngiomas: An Original Article. SAJ Cancer Sci 6: 103.
100. Demiral S, Sager O, Dincoglan F, Uysal B, Gamsiz H, et al. (2018) Evaluation of Target Volume Determination for Single Session Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) of Brain Metastases. Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J 12: 555848.
101. Akin M, Duzova M (2022) Single fraction image guided radiation therapy for management of bone metastases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 5(4): 961-965.
102. Cinar D, Karadakovan A, Akin M (2022). Effects of Paper Marbling Art in the Cancer Rehabilitation Process: Descriptive Research. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies 5(2): 132-142.
103. Akin M, Duzova M (2022) Evaluatin of Treatment Volume Determination for Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas Based on Multimodality Imaging: An Original Article. Celal Bayar Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu Dergisi 9(3): 414-417.
104. Cinkaya A, Akin M, Sengul A (2016). Evaluation of treatment outcomes of triple negative breast cancer. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 12(1): 150-154.
105. Duzova M, Akin M (2022) Evaluation of survival outcomes and prognostic factors in acinic cell carcinomas of the parotid gland receiving adjuvant radiotherapy. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 4: 290-294.
106. Akin M (2022) Tobacco and lung cancer in elderly patients located in southern marmara: epidemiological study. Celal Bayar Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu Dergisi 9(2): 310-313.