Review Article

Machine Learning Algorithms are Pre-Programmed to Humans

Robert Skopec^*

Biologistresearcher, Slovakia

Submission:December 08, 2018;Published:Febraury 19, 2019

*Corresponding author: Robert Skopec, Biologistresearcher, Dubnik, Slovakia, Europe

How to cite this article: Robert Skopec. Machine Learning Algorithms are Pre-Programmed to Humans. Glob J Nano. 2018; 4(5): 555650. DOI: 10.19080/GJN.2018.04.555650

Abstract

In the next 25 years, AI will evolve to the point where it will know more on an intellectual level than any human. In the next 50 or 100 years, an AI might know more than the entire population of the planet put together. At that point, there are serious questions to ask about whether this AI- which could design and program additional AI programs all on its own, read data from an almost infinite number of data sources, and control almost every connected device on the planet- will somehow rise in status to become more like a god, something that can write its own bible and draw humans to worship it. The problem is that The Machine Learning Algorithms are Pre-Programmed to Humans and may lead to Predatory Behavior like Bio-Robots [1].

Introduction

Recently, reports surfaced that a controversy-plagued engineer who once worked at Uber has started a new religion. Anthony Levandowski filed paperwork for a nonprofit religious organization called The Way of the Future. Its mission: “To develop and promote the realization of a Godhead based on artificial intelligence and through understanding and worship of the Godhead contribute to the betterment of society.” Bloomberg Insists China Used Supermicro Tech To Hack Servers

Building Divinity

Of course, singularity is nothing new. The Singularity is another quasi-spiritual idea that believes an AI will become smarter than humans at some point. You might laugh at the notion of an AI being so powerful that humans bow down to worship it, but several experts who talked to VentureBeat argue that the idea is a lot more feasible than you might think. One of the experts is Vince Lynch, who started a company called IV.AI that builds custom AI for the enterprise. Lynch explained how there are some similarities between organized religion and how an AI actually works. In the Bible used by Christians, for example, Lynch says there are many recurring themes, imagery, and metaphors. “Teaching humans about religious education is similar to the way we teach knowledge to machines: repetition of many examples that are versions of a concept you want the machine to learn,” he says. “There is also commonality between AI and religion in the hierarchical structure of knowledge understanding found in neural networks. The concept of teaching a machine to learn … and then teaching it to teach … (or write AI) isn’t so different from the concept of a holy trinity or a being achieving enlightenment after many lessons learned with varying levels of success and failure.” Indeed, Lynch even shared a simple AI model to make his point. If you type in multiple verses from the Christian Bible, you can have the AI write a new verse that seems eerily similar. Here’s one an AI wrote: “And let thy companies deliver thee; but will with mine own arm save them: even unto this land, from the kingdom of heaven.” An AI that is all-powerful in the next 25-50 years could decide to write a similar AI bible for humans to follow, one that matches its own collective intelligence. It might tell you what to do each day, or where to travel, or how to live your life.

Robbee Minicola, who runs a digital agency and an AI services company in Seattle, agreed that an all-knowing AI could appear to be worthy of worship, especially since the AI has some correlations to how organized religion works today. The AI would understand how the world works at a higher level than humans, and humans would trust that this AI would provide the information we need for our daily lives. It would parse this information for us and enlighten us in ways that might seem familiar to anyone who practices religion, such as Christianity. “[For a Christian] one kind of large data asset pertaining to God is the Old and New Testament,” she says. “So, in terms of expressing machine learning algorithms over the Christian Bible to ascertain communicable insights on ‘what God would do’ or ‘what God would say’- you might just be onto something here. In terms of extending what God would do way back then to what God would do today- you may also have something there.”

The Dark Side

Of course, any discussion about an AI god leads quickly to some implications about what this “god” would look like and whether we would actually decide to worship it. Some of the implications are troubling because, as humans, we do have a tendency to trust in things beyond our own capacity-e.g., driving in a major city using GPS and trusting we will arrive safely, as opposed to actually knowing where we want to drive and trusting our instincts. And, if an AI god is in total control, you have to wonder what it might do. The “bible” might contain a prescription for how to serve the AI god. We might not even know that the AI god we are serving is primarily trying to wipe us off the face of the planet. Part of the issue is related to how an AI actually works. From a purely technical standpoint, the experts I talked to found it hard to envision an AI god that can think in creative ways. An AI is programmed only to do a specific task. They wondered how an AI could jump from being a travel chatbot into dictating how to live. And the experts agreed that actual compassion or serving as part of an organized religion-activities that are essential to faith-go far beyond basic intellectual pursuit. There’s a mystery to religion, a divine component that is not 100 percent based on what we can perceive or know. This transcendence is the part where an AI will have the most difficulty, even in the far future. Vincent Jacques runs a company called ChainTrade that uses AI to analyze blockchain. It’s hyper-focused machine learning-the AI enforces anti-money laundering statutes. That’s obviously a long way from an AI that can tell you how to live your life or read an AI bible. “It would be extremely dangerous to have an all-knowing, thinking AI being someday,” says Jacques. “All computer programs, including AI programs, are built for a specific and narrow purpose: win a chess game, win a go game, reduce an electricity bill etc. The computer logic, even if it is advanced AI, doesn’t play well with a general will and general thinking capability that could at the same time design military strategies, marketing strategies, and learn how to play chess from scratch. For this reason, I’m not really scared of a potential super-thinker that could overthrow us one day-I believe that the inventive and innovative part will always be missing.” For her part, Minicola argues that an AI may be able to guide people and enlighten them in an intellectual way, but this is not the same as an actual expression of faith or any form of transcendence. “In terms of AI taking on God and manifesting something beyond data that simply does not exist, or rather beyond God-that’s not happening,” she says.

Actual Worship, Though?

In my view, this is where the dangers come into play. As a Christian myself, it’s hard to imagine ever worshiping a bot that lacks any real personality, wisdom, or ability to become relevant and personal, no matter how much more intelligent it is than any human. An AI god would be cold and impersonal, an intellectual “being” that’s not capable of love or emotion [2,3]. Will people actually worship the AI god? The answer is obvious-they will. We tend to trust and obey things that seem more powerful and worthy than ourselves. The GPS in your car is just the most obvious example. But we also trust Alexa and Cortana; we trust Google. When an AI becomes much more powerful, in 25 to 50 years, there is a great possibility that it will be deified in some way. (Apple and Google loyalists already have a religious fervor.) If an AI god does emerge, and people do start worshiping it, there will be many implications about how this AI will need to be regulated … or even subdued. Hang on for the ride.

New Radio Telescope Picks Up Mysterious Signal from Space

A new radio telescope in Canada is doing its job picking up mysterious signals from deep space known as “fast radio bursts” (FRBs). The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) in British Columbia detected the first-ever FRB at frequencies below 700MHz on July 25, a signal named FRB 180725A. FRBs are milliseconds-long bursts of radio emissions that come from some unknown source across the universe. They’re one of the newer cosmic mysteries around, having been first detected only about a decade ago. Possible explanations include bursts from “magnetars,” exploding black holes and yes, highly advanced alien civilizations. CHIME has been operating for less than a year and is designed to gather data on FRBs and other unanswered questions in astrophysics. The detection of FRB 180725A is very preliminary at this point. It was announced in an online “Astronomer’s Telegram” post intended to encourage other astronomers “to search for repeated bursts at all wavelengths.” The announcement also notes that additional FRBs have been found in the past week at frequencies as low as 400MHz and early indications suggest they aren’t coming from known sources on Earth. So far only one FRB has been observed repeating and researchers say whatever is sending that signal across the universe is stupendously powerful. It’s early for both the study of FRBs and this FRB in particular. CHIME and other observatories will be keeping an ear to the sky for more clues to help solve the mystery (CNET).

Scientists Spot Deep, Unexplained Fast Radio Burst Signal from Space

This site uses cookies for analytics, personalized content and ads. By continuing to browse this site, you agree to this use. Learn more Scientists have picked up a mysterious, energetic and deep radio signal coming from deep in space. It is not clear where the blast came from, or how it made its way to Earth. It was detected by researchers at the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, a powerful telescope in British Columbia. The signal was the first to be heard between the frequency of 400 and 800MHz, making it a much deeper and lower signal than many of those heard before. Scientists have picked up more than 30 of the fast radio bursts over the last ten years or so. They remain one of the most mysterious phenomena in the universe, and could be a clue to some extreme activity happening billions of light years away. Since they were discovered in 2007, FRBs have become one of the most mysterious signals in the universe. They are incredibly strong signals that die away intriguingly quickly, and have been seen by telescopes all around the world. Most of them have also been picked up after the fact. The newly detected burst, which has been given the name FRB 180725A, is rare in that it was seen in real time [4].

It is difficult to know when they will occur, since there seems to be little pattern to them. Scientists found the first repeating source of FRBs recently, allowing them to keep watch for the signals. Scientists have long been searching for the source of the bursts, which arrive with great force but last only a tiny amount of time. Scientists have suggested that they are emerging from some kind of “extreme” environment, but nobody has definitively shown where they are being sent from. That has led to speculation that they could be emerging from a huge undiscovered star, jets emerging from a black hole – or even an artificial source such as alien life.

Researchers last year revealed that they appeared to have tracked the bursts down to a faint dwarf galaxy more than three billion light years away. Before then, scientists had thought that the bursts could be coming from within our own galaxy – but they appear to be arriving from deep within the universe, that research suggested.

New Radio Telescope Picks Up Mysterious Signal from Space

A new radio telescope in Canada is doing its job picking up mysterious signals from deep space known as “Fast Radio Bursts” (FRBs). The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) in British Columbia detected the first-ever FRB at frequencies below 700MHz on July 25 a signal named FRB 180725A. FRBs are millisecond-long bursts of radio emissions that come from unknown source across the Universe. They’re one of the newer cosmic mysteries around, having been first detected only about a decade ago. Possible explanations include bursts from “magnetars”, exploding black holes and yes, highly advanced aliens. (CBS Philadelphia, 2018).

This AI Startup Generates Legal Papers Without Lawyers, and Suggests a Ruling Prometea learned from about 300,000 scanned documents from past cases. Ignacio Raffa’s app, Prometea, can judge you in 10 seconds. “Hello,” he says into his phone. “Hello, Ignacio, what do you want to do?” the app replies. “Create a ruling.” “What’s the case file number?” “1-5-0-9-9.”Seconds later, the artificial intelligence software has generated a draft ruling on a public housing case, one that carries the letterhead of the Buenos Aires district attorney’s office and all the proper fonts and jargon, with no lawyers or paralegals involved. In Argentina, DAs write the decisions and the cases’ presiding judges either reject them and write their own, or simply approve them. Prometea is being used for stuff like taxi license disputes, not murder trials, but it’s a significant automation of the city’s justice system. The Buenos Aires office says its 15 lawyers can now clear what used to be six months’ worth of cases in just six weeks.

Raffa, a local startup founder, and his colleagues created Prometea in partnership with the DA’s office. The agency says the app has helped redirect staffers away from legal scut work and toward more complex cases, and that proofreaders rarely find errors when reviewing the computer-generated files. The app has attracted interest from the United Nations, the World Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, among others. “It can help legal systems around the world,” says Asha Aravindakshan, a Sloan Fellow at MIT who saw a demo of the app this summer. “Everyone has a backlog.”A year ago, Buenos Aires staffers filing a simple drunk-driving complaint had to fill in the same 39 details 111 times. Now they still have to provide basic ages, addresses, and vehicle numbers, but just once per document. Prometea (as in Prometheus) is also bilingual. Users searching the app for a case filed in Spanish can provide instructions in English, and the app will translate and search in Spanish. Raffa trained the app using the DA office’s digital library of some 300,000 scanned court documents from 2016 and 2017, including 2,000 rulings. When a case file enters the DA’s system, Prometea matches it to the most relevant decisions in its database, enabling it to guess how the court will rule in relatively simple cases-teachers complaining that they weren’t compensated for classroom supplies they bought, for example. So far, judges have approved 33 of its 33 suggested rulings, and it’s being used in at least 84 other pending cases. “It’s not replacing humans,” says Ezequiel González, a professor at the University of Oxford who hosted a demo of the app in May. “It simply comes to the rescue of judges that are buried in massive dockets.”

The 29-year-old Raffa, raised in Argentina’s capital, started coding at his grandpa’s urging at age 14. After college, he worked for local offices of Hewlett-Packard Co. and Microsoft Corp. His previous AI startup made digital versions of popular Argentine card games with automated opponents, but two years ago, he says, he began to worry about what he was doing in the games business. “We were making people lazier,” he says. He soon cofounded ZTZ Tech Group to focus on business uses for AI.

After seeing a ZTZ program that generated reports on pricing data, Buenos Aires Deputy District Attorney Juan Corvalán contracted the company in the summer of 2017. Raffa wouldn’t disclose ZTZ’s revenues but says creating something like Prometea would cost $50,000 to $150,000, depending on complexity and revenue-sharing. It’s also in use at the Inter- American Court of Human Rights in Costa Rica, and it’s central to an information-sharing agreement the DA’s office signed in October with its counterpart in São Paulo. Raffa says he and his three co-workers hope to bring similar AI systems to the U.S. and Europe by next spring. Even some supporters worry about the possibility of Prometea being misused, given AI software’s poor track record with predictive sentencing in the U.S. and elsewhere. “It raises all sorts of rule-of-law issues,” says González, the Oxford professor. “Is a machine deciding instead of a judge?” Raffa says he’s not interested in giving software the power to rule on a person’s fate. Lawyers and judges should still do their jobs, he says—he’s just offering them a shortcut [5].

BOTTOM LINE - With 300,000 court filings in its database, Prometea has been able to drastically speed up the creation of new ones and is beginning to expand abroad. Before it’s here, it’s on the Bloomberg Terminal. (LEARN MORE) Earlier this year, 116 technology luminaries signed an open letter imploring the United Nations to ban “lethal autonomous weapons systems,” warning that they would “permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever.” According to the Independent, it “marks the first time that Artificial Intelligence (AI) experts and robotics companies have taken a joint stance on the issue.” Not all observers are as concerned; Andrew Ng, up until recently Baidu’s chief scientist, concludes that “worrying about killer robots is like worrying about overpopulation on Mars—we’ll have plenty of time to figure it out.” In the early years of the 21st century, few topics have generated more intense interest, or elicited more spirited debate, than AI, beginning with the very understanding of the term: one observer quipped this March that “there are about as many definitions of AI as researchers developing the technology.” Robbie Whiting, a founder of the brand consulting firm Junior, contends that “AI is not a buzzword, and it is going to change the world .”

While one should use the term rigorously and be mindful of hyperbole, AI is already reshaping domains as varied as transportation (including autonomous vehicles), finance, and healthcare. Facebook’s chief technology officer believes it “can solve problems that scale to the whole planet.” Elon Musk, meanwhile, contends that it poses “a fundamental risk to the existence of human civilization.” Most technologies are neither intrinsically beneficial nor harmful; instead, we need to consider who is using them, and to what ends. There is little dispute that AI is progressing far more rapidly than efforts to comprehend its complex nature, numerous dimensions, and far-reaching national security consequences. A recent report by Gregory Allen and Taniel Chan, then graduate students at Harvard University, called on the U.S. government to establish “something like a RAND Corporation for AI.” As RAND researchers, we subscribe to the Harvard’s team comparison of the challenge of AI to that of nuclear weapons; during the Cold War, RAND thinkers revolutionized how we think about security, deterrence, and survival. Consider four arenas in which AI’s net impact is likely to be significant but uncertain.

A. Jobs

Kai-Fu Lee, the chairman of Sinovation Ventures, assesses that AI “is poised to bring about a wide-scale decimation of jobs” while concentrating an ever-greater proportion of wealth into the hands of companies that develop and/or adopt it. Others respond that such fears have attended every disruptive technology, dating back to the printing press in the 15th century. The Economist thusly reassures readers that AI “is creating demand for work,” with growing numbers of individuals around the world “supplying digital services online.” Which companies and countries will flourish in the AI era? Which sectors will be eliminated, modified, and/or created? How will the nature of work change?

B. Warfare

Proponents of armed drones contend that such weapons can strike targets with far greater accuracy than humans; the larger a role they play in combat theaters, the thinking runs, the less frequently service members would have to deploy into harm’s way. But what if such weapons become sufficiently independent that they operate independently, without human direction? Would removing war from the purview of humans unleash another, more unconstrained, weapons race? An open letter published during the 2015 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence warned that autonomous weapons “require no costly or hard-to-obtain raw materials, so they will become ubiquitous and cheap for all significant military powers to mass-produce.” Will an era of increasingly automated conflict be, on balance, more peaceful or more violent? RAND researchers have called for an analytical framework and an international approach to address the use of long-range armed drones in counter-terrorism and targeted killing.

C. Decision-making

Policymakers can easily be overwhelmed by the number of choices they must make and the range of stimuli they encounter-exponentially greater in today’s era of social media than in decades past. Such information overload would be difficult to manage during one crisis, let alone multiple crises. A recent article in POLITICO Magazine broached the idea of having a computer “chug through all the decisions a president has to make-not to make the final choices itself, but to help guide the human commander in chief.” But while AI has the aura of infallibility, a recent RAND study highlights the risk of algorithmic biases in filtering the news we consume, influencing the dispensation of criminal justice, even affecting the provision of Social Security benefits. Which decisions should be entrusted to AI? Which should remain in human hands? Which should be given to human-AI teams?

D. Creativity

The world has grown accustomed to AI that can perform spectacular computational feats and defeat human beings in popular board games (it was just over 20 years that IBM supercomputer Deep Blue famously defeated chess grandmaster Gary Kasparov). How will its continued progression impinge on humans’ creative space?

AI researcher Jesse Engel believes it will “transform the creative process of humans…by augmenting it with smarter tools that enable new avenues of expression.” Others are not as sanguine. Atlantic journalist Adrienne LaFrance notes that AI can already “flirt,” “write novels,” and “forge famous paintings with astounding accuracy.” What does it mean to be creative? Even more basically, what does it mean to be human? Discussions of AI often veer toward extremes, whether the promise of a utopia free of human suffering or the danger of a dystopia where robots enslave their human creators. More balanced, rigorous analysis is needed to help shape policies that mitigate its risks and maximize its benefits. Steps should be taken to overcome concerns that AI will outpace the ability of the government, and society, to adapt [6].

How might AI affect vital U.S. national interests? Which types of AI, if any, should be deemed strategic technologies, subject to government constraints? Where should market forces play the biggest role, where are existing policy frameworks adaptable for new technologies, and where might new approaches (within this country or internationally) make sense? While AI still makes for great science fiction movies, these are the questions that are real and most pressing.

E. Proximal policy optimization

Elon Musk is the co-founder and chairman of Open AI, a non-profit research company working to build safe artificial intelligence and ensure that AI’s benefits are evenly distributed as possible. They released a new class of reinforcement learning algorithms, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), which perform comparably or better than state-of-the-art approaches while being much simpler to implement and tune. PPO has become the default reinforcement learning algorithm at Open AI because of its ease of use and good performance. Policy gradient methods are fundamental to recent breaktroughs in using deep neural networks for control, from video games, to 3D locomotion, to Go. But getting good results via policy gradient methods is challenging because they are sensitive to the choice of stepsize – too small, and progress is hopelessly slow, too large and the signal is overwhelmed by the noise, or one might see catastrophic drops in performance. They also often have very poor sample efficiency, taking millions or billions of timesteps to learn simple tasks. Researchers have sought to eliminate these flaws with approaches like TRPO and ACER, by constraining or otherwise optimizing the size of a policy update. These methods have their own trade-offs – ACER is far more complicated than PPO, requiring the addition of code for off-policy corrections and replay buffer, while only doing marginally better than PPO on the Attari benchmark, TRPO – though useful for continuous control tasks – isn’t easily compatible with algorithms that share parameters between a policy and value function or auxiliary losses, like those used to solve problems in Atari and other domains where the visual input is significant.

F. PPO

With supervised learning, we can easily implement the cost function, run gradient descent on it, and be very confident that we’ll get excellent results with relatively little hyperparameter tuning. The route to success in reinforcement learning ins’tas obvious – the algorithms have many moving parts that are hard to debug, and they require substantial effort in tuning in order to get good results. PPO strikes a balance between ease of implementation, sample complexity, and ease of tuning, trying to compute an update at each step that minimizes the cost function, while ensuring the deviation from the previous policy is relatively small. We’ve previously detailed a variant of PPO that uses an adaptive KL penalty to control the change of the policy at each iteration. The new variant uses a novel objective function not typically found in other algorithms:

Θ is the policy parameter

Et denotes the empirical expectation over timesteps

rt is the ratio of the probability under the new and old policies, respectively

At is the estimated advantage at time t

ε is the hyperparameter, usually 0.1 or 0.2

This objective implements a way to do a Trust Region update which is compatible with Stochastic Gradient Descent, and simplifies the algorithm by removing the KL penalty and need to make adaptive updates. In tests, algorithm has displayed the best performance on continuous control tasks and almost matches ACER’s performance on Atari, despite being far simpler to implement.

G. Brain-to-brain network allows three people to share their thoughts

Are you thinking what I’m thinking? There have been experiments in direct brain-to-brain communication before, but that’s now extending to full-fledged networks. Researchers have developed a three-person brain network that lets participants send thoughts to each other -- in this case, to play a Tetris-style game. It used familiar technology, but in a much more scalable format. The network relied on a combination of electroencephalograms to record electrical activity and transcranial magnetic stimulation to send info. Only one person could both send and receive data, but they also couldn’t see the full screen -- that was up to two people who could send thoughts to the receiver. Those two would issue commands to rotate a block by focusing their attention on LEDs flashing at different frequencies, modifying their brain signals. The receiver would not only know whether or not to change the block, but could even determine whether or not one of the senders was playing a trick.

This isn’t telepathy by any stretch. It requires external intervention, and can only send one “bit” of data at a time. The technology could scale up to a much larger number of people, though, and it suggests that you could eventually transmit considerably more complex thoughts across groups. That could easily create confusion (not to mention raise serious privacy issues), but it could be useful for both new forms of communication and help scientists learn about the inner workings of the brain. (MIT Technology Review).

Source: ArXiv.org

Doctors are left baffled as man’s suspected malignant brain tumor VANISHES without treatment - and they have no idea why

I. Paul Wood, of Lodi, California believes faith helped him recover from a tumor.

II. A neurosurgeon at UC San Francisco said he could have a brain bleed.

III. Radiologists believed he had a tumor months later he was better.

IV. He recovered from not being able to walk unassisted without the help of doctors.

V. Wood’s X-ray showed he was all clear with no treatment.

VI. He believes it was a miracle from God with the help of prayer from his church.

A California man believed to have a malignant brain tumor has miraculously healed without receiving treatment for an illness that left him unable to walk assisted. Paul Wood, of Lodi, believes his faith helped him recover without doctors - who gave him different diagnoses when he complained of being seriously sick several months ago. The father was told he may have a brain bleed by a neurosurgeon at UC San Francisco and a radiologists believed he had a tumor.

Paul Wood, of Lodi, California believes faith helped him recover from a tumor Figure 1. ‘This was back in July 2018, you can see the tumor on the lower right a white round spot, now it’s all gone, From the bottom of my heart I want to thank all of you that prayed for me, God heard your prayers. Bless you all and may God have favor on you,’ he wrote on Facebook’. ‘11/1/18 it’s a miracle, tumor is completely gone, Doctors can not explain it, they agree, it is a miracle ! Thank you Jesus!’ he wrote on Facebook Figure 2. I had massive headaches, I couldn’t walk down the hallway without holding on to the walls,’ Wood said. However the day before he was due for an operation his surgery was canceled when his X-ray results showed up clear. Medical experts are baffled at how Wood now shows no signs of disease and has sprung back to health. ‘We do tests and we have medical technology and we try to come up with some conclusion… sometimes things happen that we can’t explain,’ said Dr. Richard Yee.

H. Wood believes a higher power was working on his side

After telling his community about his ill health, he received well wishes from all over, especially on his social media. ‘My phone is blowing up, my Facebook is prayer after prayer, all over California,’ said Wood. ‘It’s a miracle and that is the way God planned it.’ His pastor agreed that the good intentions of the congregation worked in the man’s favour. ‘Positive thinking and placing his trust in God as his religion teaches resulted in an unbelievable turnaround that has inspired members of his church’. He recovered from not being able to walk unassisted without the help of doctors ‘He just kept saying, ‘no matter what happens to me, I’m going to be okay. I trust God.’ And that was an inspiration for a lot of people around him,’ Jason McEachron, a Pastor at Gravity Church told CBS Sacramento.

The outcome was so profound that now doctors hope he will volunteer to be a part of their studies. Attendee Ryan Kimura agreed that prayer in numbers works: ‘Paul’s story just breathes hope ‘Radiologists believed he had a tumor months later he was better’ Figure 3. ‘ He believes it was a miracle from God with the help of prayer from his church Figure 4’.

I. Biblical city of sin destroyed by asteroid

A cataclysmic disaster of biblical proportions may have wiped out the ancient “city of sin” mentioned in the Christian Bible. Located in modern-day Jordan Valley, in the Book of Genesis, it follows that the two notoriously sinful cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by “sulfur and fire” because of their wickedness. Now, a team of researchers with more than a decade of archaeological excavation work in the Holy Land say there may be some truth to the biblical story after all. Presenting their work at the annual meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, they say an airburst caused by a meteor explosion in the atmosphere instantly obliterated a civilization encompassing a 25-kilometer-wide (15.5 miles) region. “We’re unearthing the largest Bronze Age site in the region, likely the site of biblical Sodom itself,” says the excavation team on its website. Analyses of Tall el-Hamman, located just northeast of the Dead Sea, suggest the area was occupied continuously for 2,500 years before suddenly collapsing at the end of the Bronze Age. Radiocarbon dating shows mud-brick walls of almost every structure disappeared 3,700 years ago, leaving behind just their stone foundations. Outer layers of pottery also show signs of melting – Zircon crystals found in the coating would have been formed within 1 second at high temperatures possibly as hot as the surface of the Sun. If that isn’t apocalyptic enough for you, then picture the high-force winds responsible for creating tiny mineral grains raining down through the sky, which were also found on pottery throughout the site. It gets worse. The “high heat explosion” not only wiped out “100 percent of the Middle Bronze Age cities and towns,” but also stripped agricultural soils from once-fertile fields as brine from the Dead Sea salts pushed over the land, rendering it useless for an estimated six centuries. Ground surveys indicate more than 100 other small settlements in the area were also exposed to the disaster, killing the estimated 40,000 to 65,000 people that lived there [10]. Such an event has occurred in recent history. More than a century ago, a blast near the Stony Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia flattened 2,000 square kilometers (772 square miles). A lack of crater found here suggests a meteor exploded between 5 and 10 kilometers (3-6 miles) above the land. A similar explosion in 2013 occurred over Chelyabinsk, Russia, injuring more than 1,600 people mainly from glass that exploded from nearby windows [11-14].

Conflict of Interests Disclosure

These works were financed by the Israel Science Foundation grant number 830/11, the Israeli Ministry of Sciences and The Marcus Centre for Medicinal Chemistry of Bar Ilan University. We are indebted to the BIU President Scholarships and to Israel Council for Higher Education for the Converging Technologies Fellowship.

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12. Lodi Man Gets Second Chance At Life When Brain Tumor Vanishes Without Surgery By Carlos CorreaNovember 9, 2018 at 5:41 pmFiled Under: brain tumor, Lodi.
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