A Study on the Effect of Selected Yogic Training Programme on Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale Hindi Version of Female Judo Players

Objectives of the study were (1) To determine insomnia rating scale after normal training (not very high intensity or volume) for duration of one month till the competition of female judo players’ age ranging from 17 to 23 years (2). To find out the effect of yogic training program on insomnia rating scale just two or three days before the competition of female judo players’ age ranging from 17 to 23 years. The study was delimited to sixty female judo players’ age ranging from 17 to 23 years. Sleep quality index will be studied using Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale Hindi translation/adaptation i.e. PIRS-Hindi. female judo players were randomly selected (N=60) equally divided into experimental group and control group. The corresponding experimental and control group were homogeneous/matched groups in regard to age and sex. The experimental groups were treated with yogic training programme for 30 to 45 minutes progressively, for six days per week, for six weeks, whereas the control groups were not given any treatment. The selected variables were distress score (DS), sleep parameter (SP), quality of life (QL) and total score (TOT). Conclusions:


Introduction
Yoga is derived from "Yuj", in verb form which means to unite or to join. Yoga in its noun form and means union. It is concerned with the union of the individual source with the absolute or divine soul. It is a science of development of man's consciousness. Yoga is the "unification of Atma with Parmatma". energy. It means the appropriate control over inhalation and exhalation. Basically there are three constituents of pranayama i.e. puraka (inhalation), kumbhak (retaining the breath) and rechaka (exhalation). There are various types of Pranayamas such as ujjai, anuloma viloma, suryabhedi, sheetkari, sheetali, bhastrika, bhramri, murchha and plavini. It has been proved that pranayama is a very important way for preventing and curin many problems. Pranayama brings several physiological changes in the body. The science of pranayama helps in reducing the respiratory and heart rate, while increasing the quantum of oxygen drawn in and decreasing the outflow of breath. This can be as minimal as two or three cycles per minute. When the respiratory rate goes down then metabolic rate of the body also decreases.
The problem of allergic rhinitis, low and high blood pressure, sinusitis, recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic headaches, migraine, peptic ulcers and anxiety states can all be treated by practice of many kinds of pranayama [2].
There are different types of pranayama namely Suryabhedi, Anulom-Viloma, Ujjayi, Sitkari, Sitali, Bhastrika, Bhramari, etc. we secteled Anulom Vilom Pranayama Inhalation called puraka, retention called kumbhaka and exhalation called rechaka is used in the pranayama. Anulom Vilom pranayama can be practiced with kumbhak or without kumbhaka means holding of the breath. In Anulom Vilom pranayama, breathing is done through one nostril then it is alternated. During anulom vilom pranayama right nostril is close with thumb and the the left nostril is close with ring finger [3].
It has been proved through reviews that pranayama is an important mean for preventing and curing of many diseases.
Pranayama brings about several physiological changes in the body. The pranayama helps in reducing the respiratory and heart rate, while increasing the volume of oxygen in and decreasing the outflow of the breath. This can be as minimal as two or three cycles per minute. When the respiratory rate is thus lowered, the metabolic rate of the body also reduces. All the cells are in rest and relaxed. The sympathetic overdrive is reduced, with consequent energy conservation and also helps in improving sleep [2].
Sleep is one of nature's greatest invention and blessings of life. It is a periodic rest of the body which is absolutely essential for its efficient functioning. It has been called "most cheering restorative of tired bodies". Sleep is the indispensable condition to the recuperation of energy. We go to bad fatigue and get up refreshed. Sleep repairs the wear and tear of the body and mind incurred during waking hours. Nothing is so restorative to the nerves as sound and uninterrupted sleep. Sleep is thus a vital element in a total way of life. It is a basic need in man's mental as well as physical life. During sleep most of the functions of the body are carried on at the lowest level possible in health.
Heat production is from 10% to 15% below the basal level. The mechanisms regulating the body temperature are less sensitive then in the waking state and are depressed by 0.5 to 1.0 degree F. The rate of heart is reducing by 10 to 30 beats per minute and a decline in blood pressure of about 20mm/hg occurs in quite restful sleep. The urine volume is considerably reduced but its concentration in solids is increase. The tone of all the skeletal muscle is lessened. The eyes are usually rolled upward and the pupils constricted. Loss of sleep exerts seriously detrimental effects upon the nervous system. Long period of wakefulness may cause profound psychological changes such as loss of memory, irritability, hallucination and even schezothrenic manifestations [4].
According to the principles and practice of Sleep Medicine, "Sleep is a reversible behavioral state for sustained immobility and perceptual disengagement from the environment or we can say that unresponsiveness to the environment". Sleep is typically (but not necessarily) accompanied by postural recumbence closed eyes, behavioral quiescence and other indicators one commonly related with sleeping [4]. Insomnia or Sleeplessness has assumed alarming proportions in present time. This is evident from the wide range of medication for this condition described by physicians and sold by chemist. Insomnia deprives a person of mental rest and thereby interferes with his activities in the daytime. It constitutes severe health hazard when it become a habit.

a.
To determine insomnia rating scale after normal training (not very high intensity or volume) for duration of one month till the competition of female judo players age ranging from 17 to 23 years. b.
To find out the effect of yogic training program on insomnia rating scale just two or three days before the competition of female judo players age ranging from 17 to 23 years.

Delimitations of the Study
The study was delimited to sixty female judo players age ranging from 17 to 23 years. Sleep quality index will be studied using Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale Hindi translation/ adaptation i.e. PIRS-Hindi.

Journal of Yoga and Physiotherapy
just two or three days before the competition of female judo players age ranging from 17 to 23 years.

Selection of Subjects and Variables
Keeping in view the purpose of the study, a large number of female judo players were randomly selected (N=60) equally divided into experimental group and control group.
The corresponding experimental and control group were homogeneous/matched groups in regard to age and sex.
The experimental groups were treated with yogic training programme for 30 to 45 minutes progressively, for six days per week, for six weeks, whereas the control groups were not given any treatment. The selected variables were distress score (DS), sleep parameter (SP), quality of life (QL) and total score (TOT).    (Table 2) The descriptive statistics of PIRS have been graphically illustrated in (Figure 1-4        There are many researches which shows the effect of physical training or exercise on sleep [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Such analysis was created a baseline data to understand the research outcomes.

Conclusion
A. The findings have been comprehensively and critically appraised to draw the following conclusions.

B.
Experimental group and control group were not significantly different in pretest in regard to selected variables of insomnia rating scale hence considered as homogeneous group for experimentation.

C.
There was negative effect of judo competition on insomnia rating scale (just two or three days) before the judo competition D. There was significant difference between the experimental group (trained with selected yogic training programme) and control group (not trained with selected yogic training programme) just two or three days before the competition in regard to selected variables of insomnia rating scale.

E.
There was significant positive effect of yogic training programme on insomnia rating scale just two or three days before the competition of female judo players age ranged from 17 to 23 years.