An Ayurvedic Review on Madatyaya W.S.R Alcoholism

In Ayurvedic samhita Madya Varga explained under one of 12 Ahara Varga. It is used as Ahara Dravya (Food Adjunct), as Anupana (After Drink) or as Aoushadhi (Medicine). In sushrut Samhita there is reference of it is also used for Sandnyaharana (Anesthesia) in Shastra Karma (Surgeries). On the basis of use, Madyais classified into two typesas medicine and as beverage. it is further classified into 5 types depending on method and raw material used viz; Asava, Arishta, Sura, Varuni, Sithu. Out of that first two are used for medicine & remaining as beverages. Madya (Alcoholic Beverages) is one which produces Mada (Excitement). When consumed with proper rules about quantity, time and procedure, it gives happiness, strength, reduces fear, strain and act a as Amrut (Nector) for the body.But the same when consumed without following these rules it results in Madatyaya.


Introduction
In Ayurvedic samhita Madya Varga explained under one of 12 Ahara Varga. It is used as Ahara Dravya (Food Adjunct), as Anupana (After Drink) or as Aoushadhi (Medicine). In sushrut Samhita there is reference of it is also used for Sandnyaharana (Anesthesia) in Shastra Karma (Surgeries). On the basis of use, Madyais classified into two types-as medicine and as beverage. it is further classified into 5 types depending on method and raw material used viz; Asava, Arishta, Sura, Varuni, Sithu. Out of that first two are used for medicine & remaining as beverages. Madya (Alcoholic Beverages) is one which produces Mada (Excitement). When consumed with proper rules about quantity, time and procedure, it gives happiness, strength, reduces fear, strain and act a as Amrut (Nector) for the body.But the same when consumed without following these rules it results in Madatyaya.

Materials and Methods
For the present review detailed literary study is performed. The content and references are analysed from Charak, Sushruta and Vagbhatta. Also relevant references are taken from other Ayurvedic, modern's texts and research articles.

ii.
Panatyayapratishedha is described in 47th chapter of Sushrut Uttaratantra. Treatment is also given according to these conditions.
iii. In Ashtangahriday Madatyaya Nidana is described in Nidana Sthana 6 th chapter. In the same chapter Mada, Murcha and Sanyasa is also described. Chikitsa of Madatyaya is described in Chikitsa Sthana, 7 th chapter.
iv. In Kashyapa Samhita, Madatyaya is described in Chikitsa Sthana after chapter on Krumi. In this text, the attributes of Madya, ill effects of Madya and their treatment are described with special reference to pregnant woman and infants. In Madhava Nidana, Madatyaya is described after description of Krumi Nidana and followed by Daha Nidana.
In this text, Sushrut version is followed. v.
In Bhavaprakash, Madatyaya is described in Madhyamakhanda after description of Murcha, Bhram, Nidra, Tandra and Sanyas Adhikarana and followed by Daha Adhikarana. Sushrut version of Panatyaya is followed and some formulations along with treatment principles are discussed. In Yogaratnakar, Madatyaya Adhikara is described after description of Murchadhikara and followed by Daha Adhikara.

Madatyaya
Madatyaya compromises of two words Madaa and Atyay. Mada means Harsh (Excitement) Atyay [1] means Atikrama (excess). This over excitement is caused by excess consumption of Madya. Depending on the involvement of the Dosha, its toxic effects are occurs [2,3].

Types of Madatyaya
Madatyaya are tridoshajvhuadhi. Its types named on Dosha which is dominating in presenting the symptoms.
Nidana: If a person is excessively emaciated because of Krodha, Shoka, Bhaya, Vyavaya, Chankramana, Sahasa, while eating Ruksha type of food, less quantity of food or limited quantity of food, drinks Madya at night which is excessively fermented, then this leads to the impairment of his Nidra and Vatapray type of Madatyaya instantaneously develops.
Nidana: If a person, indulging in food that is Amla, Ushna and Teekshņa, having wrathful disposition and having liking for excessive exposure to the fire and sun, drinks excess quantity of Madya that is Teekshna, Ushna and Amla, then he suffers from the Pittapraya type of Madatyaya.
Nidana: If a person who is habituated to Madhura, Snigdha and Guru Ahara, who does not perform Vyayam, who takes Diwaswap and who indulges in Sukhaseenata, excessively drinks Madya which is not an old one or which is prepared of Guda, and Paishtika, then he immediately develops Kaphapraya Madatyaya.

a.
In Sannipataja Madatyaya all or some of the above said features of three individual Dosha can be seen.

b.
Lakshan Prognosis: Since a person suffers from Dhvamsaka or Vikshaya who is already emaciated because of his earlier drinking habit, these two diseases are difficult to cure.

How one becomes addicted [2]
In Charak Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Madatyaya chapter the various Awasthas in an individual becoming addicted with Madya is elaborated. Giving an emphasis on the importance of tranquil mind for attaining the highest goals of human life, Charak says, whatsoever is useful after death, whatsoever is good for the present life, and whatsoever is supreme for attaining salvation are based on the tranquillity of the mind of an individual. Madya considerably agitates this mind as a strong wind shakes the tree located on the bank of a river. These people with a Madyalalasa become Madandha and lose all happiness of life.

Chikitsa of Madatyaya [17]
According to Kashyapa, Madatyaya is Amaja. That is why while treating Madatyaya, Langhana should be done first. All the types of Madatyaya are of Tridoshaja. Therefore, in the beginning, treatment should be done for the most predominant Dosha. If all the Doshas are equally aggravated, then the treatment should be done first for the location of Kapha, followed by that of Pitta and lastly that of Vata.
The ailments caused by the drinking of Madya in Mithyaa-Atiyoga -Heena yoga can be cured by taking the Madya in appropriate manner and quantity (Samayoga). Here the same type of Madya or other varieties of Madya can also be given. Intake of excessive Madya which is Teeksha, Ushna, Amla and Vidahi makes the Annaras Utkleda and will be digested improperly which ultimately turns Kshara and causes Antardaha, Jwara, Trishna, Pramoha, Vibhrama and Mada. To correct these ailments, Madya should be administered because when a KsharaDravya gets mixed with a Amla Dravya, the outcome becomes sweet in taste, and Madya is the best among the Dravyahaving Amla Rasa. Madya is Panchrasatmak. These along with other ten Guna Madya has fourteen attributes in total. It is because of this fourteen attributes, Madya stands supreme among all the Amla Rasatmak Dravya. Madya removes the obstruction in the Srotasa, helps in the Vatanuloman, acts as Deepana-Pachana and becomes Satmya, when consumed habitually i.e. Abhyasat. When the obstruction in the Srotasa is removed and Vayu moves downwards, the pain subsides and the ailment caused by intake of Madya gets cured. For Sannipataja Madatyaya, which can be often types [18], according to the Dosha dominance, the appropriate treatment, should be done. When there is involvement of three Doshas with equal dominance, then first treatment should be done for Kapha Dosha followed by Pitta Dosha and Vata Dosha.

Conclusion
It is concluded that Madatyaya (Alcoholism) is well explained in Ayurveda. Which helps in diagnosis and management depending on the involvement of the Dosha.