Rooting Response of Kiwi Cuttings by Using Different Concentration of Iba under Green House Condition

Kiwi (syn. A. delicious) is a commercial crop in New Zealand and other countries such as Chile, China and Italy [1]. Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) also known as Chinese goose berry, monkey peach or sheep peach is a rich source of Vitamin C having higher contents than citrus and is delicious in nature. It is a large, vigorous, woody deciduous vine and can reach over 10 meters in length. It starts bearing in 3rd year while commercial bearing starts up to 5th year. The genus contains more than 50 species distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the Asian continent. All member of the genus Actinidia are functionally delicious, with pistillate and staminate flowers occurring on the separate plants [1].


Introduction
Kiwi (syn. A. delicious) is a commercial crop in New Zealand and other countries such as Chile, China and Italy [1]. Kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) also known as Chinese goose berry, monkey peach or sheep peach is a rich source of Vitamin C having higher contents than citrus and is delicious in nature. It is a large, vigorous, woody deciduous vine and can reach over 10 meters in length. It starts bearing in 3rd year while commercial bearing starts up to 5 th year. The genus contains more than 50 species distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the Asian continent. All member of the genus Actinidia are functionally delicious, with pistillate and staminate flowers occurring on the separate plants [1].
Kiwi plants need a full sun light, and they should also be protected from wind. Areas prone to frost (frost pockets) should be avoided. A site with a slight slope to the north is preferred, to help prevent spring frost injury and to protect plants from southwest winds in summer. Deep, well-drained sandy loam soils with added organic matter are ideal. The soil pH's of 5.0 to 6.5 are best. Raised beds (6 to 10 inches high) may help with soil drainage prob¬lems as good soil drainage is essential. Because kiwifruit are susceptible to heat injury, some artificial shading may be necessary. The soil should be deeply cultivated the year before planting as this will greatly help with weed control.
Irrigation water should be available. A site with easy access for honeybees is very desirable.
Kiwifruit is characterized by high amount of vitamin C with A. delicious containing 140mg 100-1g of pulp. Minerals are also high, especially potassium and magnesium as well as copper, zinc and manganese. Fruit is consumed fresh within 1-6 months after harvest. However, kiwifruit is also used in food industry, such as jams, juices and syrups [2].
It is currently accepted that the consumption of kiwifruit has a preventive effect against certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Many different cancers, especially cancers of the digestive system (mainly stomach cancer), lung, and liver, have been treated with kiwifruit prescriptions due to its cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Therefore, the beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables may be related to the antioxidant properties. It is currently accepted that the consumption of kiwifruit has a preventive effect against certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Many different cancers, especially cancers of the digestive system (mainly stomach cancer), lung, and liver, have been treated with kiwifruit prescriptions due to its cytoxic and antioxidant activities. Therefore, the beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables may be related to the antioxidant properties.
The kiwifruit may be propagated by various methods such as grafting seedlings, stem cuttings, root cuttings and tissue culture. The production of kiwifruit more quickly and cheaply would be of considerable commercial value, and growing cuttings on their own roots could achieve this purpose by eliminating the need for rootstocks as well as for budding and grafting. Previous researches have shown that kiwifruit cuttings are characterized by a variable rooting ability [3]. Kiwi fruit is propagated by cuttings with different treatments, among which the application for plant growth regulators (PGRs) is one of the most common practices [4].
The greatest success was achieved in plants such as kiwi fruits, figs and apples through IBA treatment, which is necessary for hardwood and softwood cuttings [5].
Kiwi fruit can be propagated from seed or hard wood cutting but seedling are not recommended because of it's dioeciously nature as the sex is unknown until flowers are produced. Rana et al. [3] treated Kiwi cuttings with 500ppm IBA in spring season and found 57% rooting response. Abdel-Hussain and Salman 1988 concluded that wounding plus IBA treatment at 4000ppm gave the highest rooting percentage and greatest number of roots, root length and individual root weight of cuttings. Daud et al. 1989 reported that dipping the cutting in 2000, 3000 and 4000ppm IBA increased the number of roots. The effect increased with increasing IBA concentration. Kiwi cuttings are hard to root, therefore, the present study was initiated to study the effect of different concentrations of IBA on the performance of kiwi fruit cuttings [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].

a.
To plan and coordinate the floriculture research activities at National level and establish liaison with international research institutions.

b.
Germplasm screening of flowers for development of new potato varieties.

c.
Standardization of production technologies for different ecological zones of the country.

d.
Strength certified flower seed production.

e.
To improve the income of resource poor farmers in flowers based farming system.

Material and Methods
The present experiment was conducted in the green house

Geographical location
The experiment was carried out at the experiment field of

Treatments
The experiment will be designed to study the rooting response of Kiwi cutting under green house condition using IBA 1000ppm, 2000ppm, 3000ppm and 4000ppm.

Data to be Recorded
The data will be recorded on the following parameters. a.

b.
No. of roots per cutting.
c. Average root length per cutting.

Experimental Procedure
Cutting pots was covered with polythene bags to keep the humidity inside the green house. The percentage of rooted

Data to be Recorded
The data were recorded on the following parameters.

Survival Percentage
It was observed that maximum survival percentage was recorded for IBA 3000ppm (81.34) and the minimum survival percentage was observed in control treatment 19.00.

Number of shoots/cuttings
It was observed that maximum number of shoots recorded for IBA 3000ppm (7.00) and the minimum number of shoots was observed in control treatment 1.00.

Number of Roots/ Cuttings
It was observed that maximum number of roots recorded for IBA 3000(70.01) and the minimum number of roots was observed in control treatment 13.05.

Root length
It was observed that maximum root length recorded for IBA 3000 (19.11) and the minimum root length was observed in control treatment 4.51 (Figure 1 & 2).