| Table 4: classification of abnormal sperm morphology. Values are expressed as Mean ± SD P< 0.05* various types of sperm head and middle piece and tail abnormalities were significantly higher (< 0.05) among the workers as against control. |
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Type of Abnormality |
Control |
Exposed |
t-test |
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Thick coiled tail (%) |
3.45 ± 1.44 |
38.2 ± 7.60* |
< 0.05 |
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Amorphous |
5.2 ± 0.79 |
20.6 ± 4.18* |
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Tapered head |
6.18 ± 0.06 |
23.0 ± 5.82* |
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Pinpoint head |
1.18 ± 0.39 |
5.14 ± 1.12* |
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Dialated middle piece |
1.12 ± 0.25 |
3.81 ± 0.25* |
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Short thick tail |
1.4 ± 0.05 |
3.0 ± 1.04* |
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