The Development Tendency of Environmental Sustainability of Domestic Enterprises and Institutions

In the recent centuries, the increase in the global population has led to an increase in the aggregate demand for resources, their intensive use around the world. In an unprecedented and predatory way of using natural resources around the world in the course of the last centuries, has led to an accelerated depletion of their reserves, a significant degree of their degradation and, most importantly , it led to the introduction of new and exacerbation of existing global environmental problems, such as desertification, change (warming) of climate, the disappearance of rare species of flora and fauna, etc.


Opinion
In the recent centuries, the increase in the global population has led to an increase in the aggregate demand for resources, their intensive use around the world. In an unprecedented and predatory way of using natural resources around the world in the course of the last centuries, has led to an accelerated depletion of their reserves, a significant degree of their degradation and, most importantly , it led to the introduction of new and exacerbation of existing global environmental problems, such as desertification, change (warming) of climate, the disappearance of rare species of flora and fauna, etc.
The aggravation of the above problems all over the world, expressed in the lack of acceptable resources for use, in a strong decline in efficiency and productivity in the frequency of a natural and climatic nature, bearing huge losses, contributed to the emergence of environmental problems and improved living standards, and also contributed to the emergence of certain conflicts. This became the basis for the fact that, first in 1992, then in June 2012, special UN conferences on sustainable development were held called "Rio + 20", where two main problems were discussed: how to create a "green economy" to achieve sustainable development and the withdrawal of people out of the niche: and improving international coordination of sustainable development. Environmental protection (the ultimate goal of which is to improve the environment) is an integral part of sustainable development.
Summarizing the views of scientists, highlighted in domestic and world literature on sustainable development, we can conclude that the term "environmentally sustainable economic difference" means a transition to the formulation of the problem of environmental protection along with economic growth.
In the Republic of Tajikistan, before of becoming independence, industrialized enterprises were the main environmental pollutants.
In this regard, the shows high environmental performance during the collapse of the Soviet Union and the acquisition of their Independence by the post-Soviet countries. As it can be seen from the data in the , many indicators have a growth trend starting from 2014 to 2018. At the same time, according to some indicators, the value is already approaching that in 1991, which is characterized by the creation of new workshops and enterprises in the republic in the mining and other sectors of the economy.
The amount of pollutants emitted from stationary sources in Dushanbe in 2018 amounted to 397.6 thousand tons, which is 25.1 thousand tons more than in 1991. This suggests that the volume of industrial production in Dushanbe, if not reached the level of 1991, but the volume of emissions already exceeds that of 1991, which indicates the poor state of affairs in the environmental protection activities of industrial enterprises in Dushanbe. In Sughd and Khatlon regions, this indicator will be 36.3 and 5.6 thousand tons respectively. In the city of Tursunzoda, the amount of contaminating substances escaping from stationary sources in 2018 is 14 thousand tons, which is 65.9 thousand tons less than in 1991, which is associated with a significant reduction in production activity under the influence of certain objective and subjective factors. Also, due to compliance with environmental legislation, the company carries out certain work to minimize the impact of the company's production activities on the environment through the construction and acquisition of treatment facilities and technologies [1].

Trends in Technical & Scientific Research
Table1: Indicators of environmental performance.

Indicators
Units 1991  In the composition of harmful substances in emissions, mainly solid, gaseous and liquid substances prevail. One of the directions of environmental policy should be the processing of waste and the use of harmful substances in order to minimize their impact on the environment. Statistical data indicate a low degree of organization of work in this area in the republic. So, if in the 1991 base year the amount of harmful substances used was 499.0 thousand tons. In 2018, this figure is 10.9 th. tons. And compared to 2014, it decreased by 6.6 times. This is characterized by the absence of enterprises for the processing and use of waste, low work at enterprises for the recycling of waste, low work at enterprises for the secondary use of waste, as well as underdeveloped activities for the collection and processing of waste and based on the production of new types of products [2].
Among the sources of emissions, a significant place is taken by mobile sources, which account for 92.2 percent of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from stationary and mobile sources in 2018. In 2018, emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from mobile sources amounted to 561.1 thousand tons, which is 82.2% more than in 2017. While during this period, the increase in precursors into the atmosphere from stationary sources is 3.2%. It suggests that at the moment the main air pollutant is public and personal road transport, the number of which has increased dramatically in recent years. Considering their impact on the environment, the government of the republic in 2018 adopted a special Resolution, in accordance with which the receipt of vehicles below 2005 is subject to an increased customs duty [3].
In the composition of emissions from mobile sources in 2018, 67.7% are carbonic acid oxide, 19.3% nitrogen oxide and 12.6% carbonhydrides. One of the problems in the efficient organization of environmental protection activities is the lack of financial resources and the low level of investment in the industry. In 2018, fixed assets were put into operation at current prices in the amount of 10287.4 thousand somonis, capital investments were made in the amount of 9632.7 thousand somoniss and completed construction and installation work in the amount of 9632.7 thousand somonis. At the same time, the indicated amounts of financing are accounted for only for bank protection works, and investment funds have not been allocated for the protection of atmospheric air and wastewater treatment, which indicates a low level of investment in environmental protection and inappropriate use of natural resources.
In the context of the transition of our republic to an industrialagrarian economy, we consider it expedient to carry out the following measures by business entities in order to enhance their environmental sustainability: an increase in funding for environmental protection, construction of treatment facilities and the purchase of treatment equipment, -full-scale landscaping of adjacent territories -organization of waste-free production, processing and recycling of waste -renewal of production assets and the use of good-quality raw materials and materials in production, -organization of work to exchange experience, use of advanced technologies and best practices of enterprises of developed countries in the practice of domestic enterprises.