siRNA Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have shown great promise in delivery of drugs and genetic materials or pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics to their site of action within an organism and eliminate the side effect and enhance the therapeutic effects of the drugs at exact delivery position. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of nucleic acid-based drugs able to suppress gene expression by interaction with mRNA before its translation. The primary success of siRNA delivery greatly depends on suitable vectors to deliver therapeutic genes. The main problems in the delivery of siRNA-based drugs for therapeutic use are the low efficiency of siRNA delivery to target cells and tissues. This review articles discusses the recent technology of siRNA delivery systems using new biomaterials and nanoparticles. macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, respiratory virus infection, pachyonychia congenital, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and cancer. There are several obstacles and concerns that should be overcome before RNAi will be used as a new therapeutic technique.


Recent Technology of siRNA Delivery System
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) has been used extensively in blocking various genes and is presently being evaluated as a therapeutic for cancer and viral disease. RNA interference was first identified as a defence mechanism against the invasion of foreign genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and had subsequently been discovered in diverse eukaryotes such as fungi, insects, plants, and vertebrates. Researchers demonstrated that synthetic siRNAs were able to induce RNAi in mammalian cells. RNAi could affect gene silencing through chromatin remodeling, blocking protein synthesis and cleaving specifically targeted mRNA.
RNAi gene-silencing is dependent on the structure of the initiating RNA such as complete (siRNA) or incomplete (miRNA). These double stranded RNAs were processed by RNase III endonuclease enzyme called Dicer, which produces duplexes of approximately 21 nucleotides. After the action of Dicer, guide strand (one of the two strands of each fragment), were incorporated into the RNA induced silencing complex. Chemical modification of the phosphonothioate linkage had been used as a simple and effective method to increase the nuclease resistance of siRNA [1]. Other methods employed for the enhancement of siRNA stability in biological fluids including modification of the 2′-hydroxyl group of the pantone sugar, such as 2′-O-methyl or a methylene linkage between the 2′ and 4′ positions of the ribose [2].
Therapies based on siRNA are entering clinics, especially for diseases requiring locoregional treatments, including age-related Abstract Drug delivery systems (DDS) have shown great promise in delivery of drugs and genetic materials or pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics to their site of action within an organism and eliminate the side effect and enhance the therapeutic effects of the drugs at exact delivery position. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of nucleic acid-based drugs able to suppress gene expression by interaction with mRNA before its translation. The primary success of siRNA delivery greatly depends on suitable vectors to deliver therapeutic genes. The main problems in the delivery of siRNA-based drugs for therapeutic use are the low efficiency of siRNA delivery to target cells and tissues. This review articles discusses the recent technology of siRNA delivery systems using new biomaterials and nanoparticles.
Organic and Medicinal Chemistry International Journal macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, respiratory virus infection, pachyonychia congenital, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and cancer. There are several obstacles and concerns that should be overcome before RNAi will be used as a new therapeutic technique.

Conclusion
Although progress has been made in the field of siRNA delivery systems, there are several obstacles and concerns to be overcome before this new drug could be used as a new therapeutic agent. Several strategies need to minimize off-target effects, avoiding immune responses, increasing resistance to nuclease degradation and effective in delivery of siRNA to the appropriate cells or tissues by manipulating biopharmaceutical properties.