A Brief Biography of António Andrade De Gouveia: An Eminent Portuguese Chemist of the University Of Coimbra

António Jorge Andrade de Gouveia was born in 8th June 1905, in Guarda. He was the son of António Carvalho de Gouveia and Angelina of Soledad Sarah Bette Andrade de Gouveia. He attended the primary school at S. Vicente of Guarda and then he moved to Viseu where he completed his high school studies. From 1922 to 1928, he enrolled in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Coimbra, where he completed a degree in Physical and Chemical Sciences [1]. From 1927 to 1930, he was assistant of scholar Egas Pinto Basto, having published the article entitled “Determination of mangnesium in Miranda do Corvo” [2]. In 1927, the scholar Egas Pinto Basto proposed him to attend the theoretical chemistry courses of scholars Madame Currie, Jean Perrin, Marquis and, subsequently, from 1931 to 1934, to attend the Research Laboratories of Organic Chemistry and Spectra of University of Liverpool guided by scholars Heilbron and Robertson [3].


Introduction
António Jorge Andrade de Gouveia was born in 8th June 1905, in Guarda. He was the son of António Carvalho de Gouveia and Angelina of Soledad Sarah Bette Andrade de Gouveia. He attended the primary school at S. Vicente of Guarda and then he moved to Viseu where he completed his high school studies. From 1922 to 1928, he enrolled in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Coimbra, where he completed a degree in Physical and Chemical Sciences [1]. From  In 1934, he awarded a PhD entitled "Contributions to the study of the role of the double bond in the absorption spectra of organic compounds", in Philosophy by the Chancellor of the University of Liverpool [4] and, in 1941, he got the equivalence of his PhD in Physical and Chemical Sciences at the University of Coimbra. In 1944, he presented a dissertation entitled "Contribution to the study of the Portuguese oleoresins of "Pine Pinaster" and "Pinus Pinea". Spectrophotometric study of resin acids and derivatives" in order to became a scholar of chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Coimbra

Methods
In this short communication about António Jorge Andrade de Gouveia, I collected and analyzed the main scientific books and technical articles, in this area of study, that are available in academic libraries. Thus, I selected the 22 most important items, based on the "impact factor" of the article and the "reference" books on this topic in order to be useful to the reader who aims to have just an idea of this subject, maintaining the scientific rigor of my research.

Results and Discussions
In this section, I will present the results and the most relevant facts of my research about the António Andrade de Gouveia´s most important works on chemistry. In fact, the most important part of the work of António Andrade de Gouveia was in the field of organic chemistry. From 1934 to 1960, António de Gouveia was the scholar of the discipline of organic chemistry (theoretical and practical) of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Coimbra [7]. During this time, he published several articles related to the study of the oleoresines of the pine, the determination of vitamins, amino acids, the dipeptides, quinones, essential oils and various synthetic products with the title "Quantitative determination of vitamin A by the spectrophotometric method. Study of some cod liver oils of Portuguese fishing companies" [8], "Quantitative determinations of vitamin A, ergostrol, vitamin B2 (lactoffavin) and vitamin C by Physical-Chemical methods. Study of the Bairrada red wine" [9], "Quantitative determination of phytic acid. Study of bakery products from Oporto" [10], "Contribution to the chemical study of fish of the Portuguese coast. Carotenoids of the sardine "Pilchardus Walbaum" [11], "Bivalent cobalt complexes with resinous acids. Composition and spectrophotometric study" [12], "Micro-analytical methods of determination of plumbagina and related naphtoquinones, in aqueous solutions and fisiological middle. Differences of behavior with the structure" [13].
As an international scientist, he had a collaboration with the scholar R.A. Morton related with the problem of the relationship between the structure and absorption spectra of organic compounds. He published a number of papers related with this issue, such as "Chromophoric groups-Part I. Ultraviolet absorption spectra of Indene and certain of its derivatives" [14], "Chromophoric groups-Part II. Absorption spectra of naphthalene, hydronaphthalenes and related compounds" [15]. These works were carried out in the Chemical Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Office of visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometry through donations by the funds Sá Pinto and the Portuguese Institute of High Culture. Furthermore, António Jorge Andrade de Gouveia also published several papers linked to the History and Philosophy of Science, particularly on chemistry, such as "Compliment to Professor Dr. D António Pereira Forjaz" [16], "Vicente de Seabra and the chemical revolution in Portugal" [17], "The paradigms of chemical affinity and the Faculty of Philosophy in the late 18 th century" [18], "15 th and 16 th century books on chemical arts and simple drugs, in bookstores of the University of Coimbra and of colleges of Coimbra" [19], "Garcia d´Orta and Amato Lusitano in the science of their time" [20], "Development of chemistry and related sciences and the impact in the cultural and scientific activities in Portugal" [21].

Conclusion
António Andrade de Gouveia was arguably, an eminent chemist of the 20 th century at University of Coimbra. On 1 st September 1975, he retired and became a member of the Association of former Students of Coimbra and the Institute of Coimbra, as well as member in several national and international scientific associations. Nowadays, there is an award named by "Professor Andrade de Gouveia" that is attributed to the best student of the Master's degree in chemistry from the University of Coimbra [22].