Natural Dyeing of Cotton Fabric by Extruded Pelargonidin of Red Onion Skin and Finished it Naturally with Aloe Vera

Ashish Debnath*, Ismat Zerin, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Niloy Sarker, Kayum Ahmed and Faysal Mahmud Department of Textile Engineering, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh *Corresponding Author: Ashish Debnath, Department of Textile Engineering, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Received: August 27, 2018

The aim of this research is to reduce the uses of synthetic dyes and make people aware about the necessity of using natural dyes and natural finishing agents for the betterment of environment. This research helps people to utilize the natural sources and plants like Aloe vera and Red onion skins and apply these sources on textile and dyeing industries all over the world.
Textile materials as a substrate can easily be vulnerable to bacterial growth and microbial growth given the right conditions as in moisture, nutrients, temperature etc [5]. Hence, anti-bacterial finishing has been largely focused here as health and hygiene is always the top priority and concern [6]. For anti-microbial finishing, an agent is due which is capable of eliminating the growth of micro-organisms as in bacteria, fungi, algae, yeast etc [6]. Natural fibers are comparatively more exposed to the bacterial attack than synthetic fibers because of their porous and hydrophilic nature [5]. And it's because of their tendency to absorb water and oxygen with nutrients, micro-organisms are favored with environment that can easily support their survival and growth. On top of that, human body acts as a source of warmth, humidity and nutrients which supports the bacteria's cause even more [6]. The proliferation of micro-organisms can be responsible for the malodors, stains and wreckage of the mechanical properties of the component fibers which may lead to the product being less suitable for the purposed use. This fact has raised the necessity for the textile product which would be bio-functional capable of performing anti-microbial activities. There are herbal compounds, extractable from plants which are not only well recognized for such anti-microbial properties but also available in abundance around us in nature. Along with being cost efficient, these products are non-irritant and nontoxic to human skin [6]. The prime goal of this project is to use Aloe vera leaves in order for its anti-microbial properties to perform an eco-friendly antibacterial finishing on textile products.
The lower leaves of the plant is the main source for obtaining the Aloe vera inner gel. The gel can be extracted by slicing the leaf open.
The gel is clear, odorless, and tasteless and free from the yellow parts of leaf skin [8].
Source of dye: Red Onion outer skin which was collected from Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka. Aloe vera leaf is collected from the plant. To remove the dirt from the Aloe vera leaf, washing is necessary. With the use of our hands solid gel converts into liquid gel by massaging. Aloe vera gel is extracted from inner parts of the leaf by using spoon [10].

Materials
60 gm of Aloe vera gel is mixed with 40 mL of water (Aloe vera:Water =60:40)and boiled for 10 minutes at 50°C to produce Aloe vera gel solution. The mixture was cooled down in each process of extraction. The temperature, concentration and time combination were taken as the optimum condition of extraction of dye because they yield maximum absorption.
Microbial finishing of cotton fabric with Aloe vera gel was done in mini thermosol machine. Aloe vera gel solution taken in liquor trough. Then the fabric was passed into liquor trough. Aloe vera gel is coated in fabric which was done by padder. The pressure of padder is 5 bar.
In aqueous extraction process, the coloring matter was withdrawn from the skins. Required amount of liquor was taken and boil at (65-80)°C for 50 -70 minutes. When the mixture was cooled down, the dye extracts were filtered accurately in each process of extraction. The temperature, concentration and time combination were taken as the optimum condition of extraction of dye because they yield maximum absorption [2].

Methodology
Bacteria source: Bacteria was collected from Laboratory.

Extraction of the natural dye
The dyeing of scoured and bleached cotton fabric was conducted in exhaust method. Fabric was weighted in Electric balance. Then required amount of liquor and other necessary auxiliaries was calculated. A beaker was taken and required amount of liquor taken into beaker. Then the fabric was immersed into the dye solution. Dyeing was carried out at 75°C for 60 minutes in acidic medium. After dyeing, hot wash was done with hot water at 50°C for 10 minutes. Then cold wash was done at 30°C at 10 minute.

Conclusions
The environment surrounding us is being polluted daily for using excessive chemicals and other harmful ingredients. Therefore a global awareness is raised for limiting the use of these ingredients and favoring the use of natural resources. In present research work, it was found that cotton could be dyed with dry Red onion outer skin. The concentration of dye, temperature, time are the parameter which is to be optimized for more effective results. The color fastness test of washing, light, perspiration, rubbing to the samples are shows good fastness property. The onion outer skin can be used as a potential natural source of dyes for the cotton dyeing which was demonstrated by this study. This study gave the chance to change the fashion hues on cotton fabric. Though the gathering of the ingredients is relatively expensive, but the dyes extracted from this type of waste materials can be an attractive alternative. The Aloe vera leaf gel created a good effect of antibacterial and softness on the cotton fabric. From this work, we came to conclusion that Aloe vera extract has the best antibacterial properties which could be achieved by pad dry cure method with the high concentration of Aloe vera extract while coated samples with extract could not give such zone of inhibition. It proves that the bacterial inhibition occurred due to the slow release of active substances from the surface of the fabric. From our lab result Aloe vera gel treated dyed fabric has very high resistance against bacterial habitation.

Conflict of Interest
The authors announced that there is no conflict of interest.